महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-113, verse-4

अतीत्य च नृपानन्यानादित्यकुलसंभवान् ।
मत्सकाशमनुप्राप्तावेतौ बुद्धिमवेक्ष्य च ॥४॥

4. atītya ca nṛpānanyānādityakulasaṁbhavān ,
matsakāśamanuprāptāvetau buddhimavekṣya ca.

4. atītya ca nṛpān anyān ādityakulasambhāvān mat
sakāśam anuprāptau etau buddhim avekṣya ca

4. These two, having surpassed other kings—even those born in the solar dynasty—and having observed their intelligence, have arrived in my presence.

Words meanings summery:

• अतीत्य (atītya) - having surpassed, having crossed, having overcome

• च (ca) - and, also

• नृपान् (nṛpān) - kings, rulers

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

• आदित्यकुलसम्भावान् (ādityakulasambhāvān) - born in the solar dynasty

• मत् (mat) - my

• सकाशम् (sakāśam) - to my presence (presence, vicinity)

• अनुप्राप्तौ (anuprāptau) - have arrived, have reached

• एतौ (etau) - these two

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intelligence, understanding

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having observed, having considered

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

अतीत्य (atītya) - having surpassed, having crossed, having overcome

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root `i` with prefix `ati`, using suffix `-tya` for gerund.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नृपान् (nṛpān) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Derived from `nṛ` (man) + `pa` (protector)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `pā` (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 1)

अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different, another

आदित्यकुलसम्भावान् (ādityakulasambhāvān) - born in the solar dynasty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ādityakulasambhāva

ādityakulasambhāva - born in the solar dynasty, belonging to the solar lineage

Compound type : tatpurusha (āditya+kula+sambhāva)

• āditya – son of Aditi, a deity, sun-god
  noun (masculine)
• kula – family, lineage, dynasty
  noun (neuter)
• sambhāva – birth, origin, possibility, respect
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `sam-bhū` (to be born, arise) as a noun.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhū (class 1)

मत् (mat) - my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me, mine

Note: Used here in a genitive sense ('my') before `sakāśam`.

सकाशम् (sakāśam) - to my presence (presence, vicinity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sakāśa

sakāśa - presence, vicinity, proximity, near

From `sa` (with) + `kāśa` (appearance, light)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'to the presence of'

अनुप्राप्तौ (anuprāptau) - have arrived, have reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anuprāpta

anuprāpta - arrived, obtained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `āp` with prefixes `anu` and `pra`, suffix `kta`.

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Nominative dual masculine, agreeing with `etau`.

एतौ (etau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etas

etas - this, these (near demonstrative)

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intelligence, understanding

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, intelligence, understanding, perception, mind

From root `budh` (to know, perceive)

Root: budh (class 1)

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having observed, having considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root `īkṣ` with prefix `ava`, using suffix `-ya` for gerund.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)