महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-112, verse-5

ऋते च धनमश्वानां नावाप्तिर्विद्यते तव ।
अर्थं याचात्र राजानं कंचिद्राजर्षिवंशजम् ।
अपीड्य राजा पौरान्हि यो नौ कुर्यात्कृतार्थिनौ ॥५॥

5. ṛte ca dhanamaśvānāṁ nāvāptirvidyate tava ,
arthaṁ yācātra rājānaṁ kaṁcidrājarṣivaṁśajam ,
apīḍya rājā paurānhi yo nau kuryātkṛtārthinau.

5. ṛte ca dhanam aśvānām na avāptiḥ
vidyate tava arthaṃ yāca atra rājānam
kaṃcit rājarṣivaṃśajam apīḍya rājā
paurān hi yaḥ nau kuryāt kṛtārthinau

5. And without the wealth of horses, there is no attainment for you. Therefore, here, you (my companion) ask a king, one born in a lineage of royal sages, for our purpose (artha). May that king, indeed, without oppressing his citizens, fulfill the desires of us two.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋते (ṛte) - without (without, except for)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth (wealth, property, money)

• अश्वानाम् (aśvānām) - of horses

• न (na) - no (not, no)

• अवाप्तिः (avāptiḥ) - attainment (attainment, acquisition, gain)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (exists, is found)

• तव (tava) - for you (dative sense) (your, of you)

• अर्थं (arthaṁ) - for our purpose, wealth (the thing desired) (purpose, meaning, wealth, object)

• याच (yāca) - you ask (ask, beg)

• अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this place)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - a king (king)

• कंचित् (kaṁcit) - some (someone, some)

• राजर्षिवंशजम् (rājarṣivaṁśajam) - born in a lineage of royal sages

• अपीड्य (apīḍya) - without oppressing (without oppressing, without tormenting)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

• पौरान् (paurān) - the citizens (citizens, townsmen)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• नौ (nau) - us two (us two, to us two)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - would make (may do, should do, would do, make)

• कृतार्थिनौ (kṛtārthinau) - fulfilled in our purpose (us two) (having accomplished their purpose, successful, fulfilled)

Words meanings and morphology

ऋते (ṛte) - without (without, except for)

(indeclinable)

Takes accusative or ablative, sometimes genitive.

Note: Governs dhanam aśvānām.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth (wealth, property, money)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

From root dhā (to place, hold, acquire).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of ṛte (implied ṛte vinā dhanam).

अश्वानाम् (aśvānām) - of horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Possessive for dhanam.

न (na) - no (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

अवाप्तिः (avāptiḥ) - attainment (attainment, acquisition, gain)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avāpti

avāpti - attainment, acquisition, obtainment, gain

From prefix ava- + root āp (to obtain) + suffix ~ti.

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Subject of vidyate.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (exists, is found)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Middle

From root vid (4th conjugation, divādi), middle voice. (Not from vid 'to know').

Root: vid (class 4)

तव (tava) - for you (dative sense) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Genitive singular of yuṣmad.

अर्थं (arthaṁ) - for our purpose, wealth (the thing desired) (purpose, meaning, wealth, object)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, object, meaning, wealth, cause, advantage

Note: Object of yāca.

याच (yāca) - you ask (ask, beg)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of yāc

Present Imperative

Imperative active, 2nd person singular form from root yāc (1st conjugation, bhvādi).

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the companion, implying a joint action.

अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb.

राजानम् (rājānam) - a king (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root rāj (to shine, rule).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of yāca.

कंचित् (kaṁcit) - some (someone, some)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaṃcit

kaṁcit - someone, some, a certain, any

Accusative singular masculine of kaścid (formed from kim + cid).

Note: Modifies rājānam.

राजर्षिवंशजम् (rājarṣivaṁśajam) - born in a lineage of royal sages

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājarṣivaṃśaja

rājarṣivaṁśaja - born in the lineage of a royal sage, belonging to a royal sage's family

Compound: rājarṣi (royal sage) + vaṃśa (lineage) + ja (born).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rājarṣi+vaṃśa+ja)

• rājarṣi – royal sage, king who is also a sage
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: rājan (king) + ṛṣi (sage).
• vaṃśa – lineage, family, race, bamboo
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root jan (to be born) with suffix ~a.
  Root: jan (class 4)

अपीड्य (apīḍya) - without oppressing (without oppressing, without tormenting)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) + negative prefix

Absolutive (~ya) of root pīḍ (10th conjugation, curādi) with negative prefix a-.

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+pīḍya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pīḍya – having oppressed
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (gerund)
  From root pīḍ with suffix ~ya (when preceded by a prefix).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Refers to the action of the king.

राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Nominative singular of rājan.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of kuryāt.

पौरान् (paurān) - the citizens (citizens, townsmen)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paura

paura - citizen, townsman, belonging to a city

From pura (city) + suffix ~a.

Note: Object of implied pīḍya.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Nominative singular masculine of yad.

Note: Refers to rājānam.

नौ (nau) - us two (us two, to us two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, dual of asmād

asmād - we (dual)

Accusative/Dative/Genitive dual of asmad.

Note: Object of kuryāt.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - would make (may do, should do, would do, make)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Optative Active

Optative active 3rd person singular of root kṛ (8th conjugation, tanādi).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृतार्थिनौ (kṛtārthinau) - fulfilled in our purpose (us two) (having accomplished their purpose, successful, fulfilled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of kṛtārthin

kṛtārthin - having accomplished one's object or purpose, successful, fulfilled

Compound: kṛta (done, accomplished) + artha (purpose) + ~in (possessive suffix).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kṛta+artha+in)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do) with suffix ~ta.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• artha – purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• in – having, possessing
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix indicating possession.

Note: Predicate adjective for nau.