महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-112, verse-11

अयं मे नाहुष सखा गालवस्तपसो निधिः ।
विश्वामित्रस्य शिष्योऽभूद्वर्षाण्ययुतशो नृप ॥११॥

11. ayaṁ me nāhuṣa sakhā gālavastapaso nidhiḥ ,
viśvāmitrasya śiṣyo'bhūdvarṣāṇyayutaśo nṛpa.

11. ayam me nāhuṣa sakhā gālavaḥ tapasaḥ nidhiḥ
viśvāmitrasya śiṣyaḥ abhūt varṣāṇi ayutaśaḥ nṛpa

11. O son of Nahuṣa (nāhuṣa), O King (nṛpa), this is my friend Gālava, a repository of intense asceticism (tapas), who was a disciple of Viśvāmitra for tens of thousands of years.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to Gālava. (this, he)

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• नाहुष (nāhuṣa) - Vocative for King Yayāti, son of Nahuṣa. (O son of Nahuṣa)

• सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

• गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava (proper name)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of asceticism, of penance

• निधिः (nidhiḥ) - treasure, repository, fund

• विश्वामित्रस्य (viśvāmitrasya) - of Viśvāmitra

• शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple, student

• अभूत् (abhūt) - was, became

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - For many years, indicating duration. (years, rainy seasons)

• अयुतशः (ayutaśaḥ) - Tens of thousands of years. (by tens of thousands, in groups of ten thousand)

• नृप (nṛpa) - Vocative for King Yayāti. (O King)

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to Gālava. (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Possessive, refers to the speaker (Garuda).

नाहुष (nāhuṣa) - Vocative for King Yayāti, son of Nahuṣa. (O son of Nahuṣa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nāhuṣa

nāhuṣa - son of Nahuṣa

Derived from Nahuṣa (father's name) by vṛddhi.

सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion, comrade

Note: Predicate nominative for 'ayam'.

गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - name of a sage, a disciple of Viśvāmitra

Note: Name of the friend.

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of asceticism, of penance

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Possessive, modifies 'nidhiḥ'.

निधिः (nidhiḥ) - treasure, repository, fund

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nidhi

nidhi - treasure, store, repository, fund

Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'ayam'.

विश्वामित्रस्य (viśvāmitrasya) - of Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a powerful sage)

Note: Possessive, modifies 'śiṣyaḥ'.

शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple, student

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root śās (to teach, to rule).

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'ayam'.

अभूत् (abhūt) - was, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist past (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - For many years, indicating duration. (years, rainy seasons)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rainy season

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates duration of time.

अयुतशः (ayutaśaḥ) - Tens of thousands of years. (by tens of thousands, in groups of ten thousand)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -śas indicating distribution or measure.

नृप (nṛpa) - Vocative for King Yayāti. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector, drinker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to drink or to protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)