महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-112, verse-16

सोऽयं शोकेन महता तप्यमानो द्विजर्षभः ।
अशक्तः प्रतिकर्तुं तद्भवन्तं शरणं गतः ॥१६॥

16. so'yaṁ śokena mahatā tapyamāno dvijarṣabhaḥ ,
aśaktaḥ pratikartuṁ tadbhavantaṁ śaraṇaṁ gataḥ.

16. saḥ ayam śokena mahatā tapyamānaḥ dvijarṣabhaḥ
aśaktaḥ pratikartum tat bhavantam śaraṇam gataḥ

16. This best among the Brahmins, afflicted by great sorrow and unable to retaliate against its cause, has come to you for refuge.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, by grief

• महता (mahatā) - by great, by large

• तप्यमानः (tapyamānaḥ) - suffering, being afflicted, being tormented

• द्विजर्षभः (dvijarṣabhaḥ) - best among the twice-born, a preeminent Brahmin

• अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - unable, incapable

• प्रतिकर्तुम् (pratikartum) - to retaliate, to counter, to return

• तत् (tat) - against the cause of his sorrow (that, it)

• भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - you (honorific)

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

• गतः (gataḥ) - has sought/taken refuge (gone, approached, obtained)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, by grief

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, pain

Root: śuc (class 1)

महता (mahatā) - by great, by large

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

तप्यमानः (tapyamānaḥ) - suffering, being afflicted, being tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - suffering, being afflicted, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

Present passive participle of the root tap (class 4) 'to suffer, to be tormented'.

Root: tap (class 4)

द्विजर्षभः (dvijarṣabhaḥ) - best among the twice-born, a preeminent Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - best among the twice-born (Brahmins), an excellent Brahmin

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)

अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - unable, incapable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśakta

aśakta - unable, incapable, powerless

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpurusha (a+śakta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śakta – able, capable, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of the root śak 'to be able'.
  Root: śak (class 5)

प्रतिकर्तुम् (pratikartum) - to retaliate, to counter, to return

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root kṛ with upasarga prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत् (tat) - against the cause of his sorrow (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), your honor

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, asylum

Root: śṛ (class 1)

गतः (gataḥ) - has sought/taken refuge (gone, approached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, obtained, known

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root gam 'to go'.

Root: gam (class 1)