महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-112, verse-1

नारद उवाच ।
अथाह गालवं दीनं सुपर्णः पततां वरः ।
निर्मितं वह्निना भूमौ वायुना वैधितं तथा ।
यस्माद्धिरण्मयं सर्वं हिरण्यं तेन चोच्यते ॥१॥

1. nārada uvāca ,
athāha gālavaṁ dīnaṁ suparṇaḥ patatāṁ varaḥ ,
nirmitaṁ vahninā bhūmau vāyunā vaidhitaṁ tathā ,
yasmāddhiraṇmayaṁ sarvaṁ hiraṇyaṁ tena cocyate.

1. nārada uvāca atha āha gālavaṃ dīnam
suparṇaḥ patatām varaḥ nirmitam vahninā
bhūmau vāyunā vaidhitaṃ tathā yasmāt
hiraṇmayam sarvam hiraṇyam tena ca ucyate

1. Nārada said: Then Suparṇa, the foremost among flyers, spoke to the dejected Gālava: "It (gold) was created by fire on the ground and similarly formed by wind. Because everything golden is entirely (sarvam) hiraṇmaya, it is therefore called hiraṇya (gold)."

Words meanings summery:

• नारद (nārada) - Nārada (name of a divine sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• गालवं (gālavaṁ) - Gālava (accusative)

• दीनम् (dīnam) - dejected, distressed, sad, miserable

• सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - Suparṇa, the name of Garuḍa (having good wings, a mythical bird (Garuḍa))

• पतताम् (patatām) - among those who fly

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, desired

• निर्मितम् (nirmitam) - created, fashioned, made

• वह्निना (vahninā) - by fire

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• वायुना (vāyunā) - by wind

• वैधितं (vaidhitaṁ) - shaped or formed by wind (formed, fanned, blown)

• तथा (tathā) - and similarly (thus, so, likewise, and)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (from which, because)

• हिरण्मयम् (hiraṇmayam) - golden, made of gold

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire, every

• हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam) - gold (gold, wealth)

• तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore)

• च (ca) - and, also

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

Words meanings and morphology

नारद (nārada) - Nārada (name of a divine sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada, a divine sage and musician

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect, 3rd person singular

root vac, perfect tense, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect, 3rd person singular

root ah, perfect tense, active voice, often used in dialogue

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: This form also functions as present tense 'says' in classical Sanskrit narrative.

गालवं (gālavaṁ) - Gālava (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - name of a sage, a patronymic

Note: Object of 'āha'

दीनम् (dīnam) - dejected, distressed, sad, miserable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - dejected, distressed, humble, poor, miserable

Past Passive Participle

from root 'dī' (to pine, decay)

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'gālavaṃ'

सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - Suparṇa, the name of Garuḍa (having good wings, a mythical bird (Garuḍa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suparṇa

suparṇa - having beautiful wings, a mythical bird, Garuḍa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+parṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• parṇa – feather, wing, leaf
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'āha'

पतताम् (patatām) - among those who fly

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of patat

patat - flying, a flyer, bird

Present Active Participle

from root pat (to fly, fall), present participle

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Often refers to birds or winged creatures.

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, desired

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, principal, suitor, boon

Note: Forms a tatpuruṣa compound with 'patatām' implicitly (best of flyers).

निर्मितम् (nirmitam) - created, fashioned, made

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirmita

nirmita - created, fashioned, made, built

Past Passive Participle

from root mā (to measure, create) with prefix nir-

Prefix: nir

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'hiraṇyam' (gold) implied later.

वह्निना (vahninā) - by fire

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vahni

vahni - fire, Agni

Note: Agent in passive construction

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

वायुना (vāyunā) - by wind

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, the god of wind

Note: Agent in passive construction

वैधितं (vaidhitaṁ) - shaped or formed by wind (formed, fanned, blown)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaidhita

vaidhita - fanned, blown, pierced

Past Passive Participle

from root vyadh (to pierce, strike, hence to shape/form by blowing)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied 'hiraṇyam'.

तथा (tathā) - and similarly (thus, so, likewise, and)

(indeclinable)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (from which, because)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yad

yad - which, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Functions here as an indeclinable 'because'.

हिरण्मयम् (hiraṇmayam) - golden, made of gold

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hiraṇmaya

hiraṇmaya - golden, made of gold

derived from hiraṇya with suffix -maya

Note: Agrees with 'sarvam' and refers to 'hiraṇyam'

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, entire, every

Note: Functions as a noun here, 'everything'

हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam) - gold (gold, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hiraṇya

hiraṇya - gold, golden, wealth, money

Note: Predicate nominative for 'sarvam' (implied 'is')

तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Functions as an indeclinable 'therefore' or 'by that reason'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present, 3rd person singular, passive

root vac (2nd class), present tense, passive voice, with thematic vowel 'ya'

Root: vac (class 2)