महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-60, verse-9

पार्थेन सृष्टः स तु गार्ध्रपत्र आ पुङ्खदेशात्प्रविवेश नागम् ।
विदार्य शैलप्रवरप्रकाशं यथाशनिः पर्वतमिन्द्रसृष्टः ॥९॥

9. pārthena sṛṣṭaḥ sa tu gārdhrapatra; ā puṅkhadeśātpraviveśa nāgam ,
vidārya śailapravaraprakāśaṁ; yathāśaniḥ parvatamindrasṛṣṭaḥ.

9. pārthena sṛṣṭaḥ saḥ tu gārdhrapatraḥ
ā puṅkhadeśāt praviveśa nāgam
vidārya śailapravaraprakāśaṃ
yathā aśaniḥ parvatam indrasṛṣṭaḥ

9. That arrow, released by Arjuna (Pārtha) and adorned with vulture feathers, penetrated the elephant—which shone like a magnificent mountain—right up to its fletching, splitting it apart, just as Indra's thunderbolt cleaves a mountain.

Words meanings summery:

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (Pārtha) (by Partha, by Arjuna)

• सृष्टः (sṛṣṭaḥ) - released (released, discharged, created)

• सः (saḥ) - that (arrow) (that, he)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, however)

• गार्ध्रपत्रः (gārdhrapatraḥ) - adorned with vulture feathers (describing the arrow) (having vulture feathers)

• आ (ā) - up to (up to, until, completely)

• पुङ्खदेशात् (puṅkhadeśāt) - from the feathered part (of the arrow) (from the feathered part, from the fletching)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered, penetrated

• नागम् (nāgam) - the elephant (elephant, serpent, Nāga)

• विदार्य (vidārya) - tearing, splitting (having torn, having split)

• शैलप्रवरप्रकाशं (śailapravaraprakāśaṁ) - which shone like a magnificent mountain (shining like an excellent mountain, having the splendor of a great mountain)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

• अशनिः (aśaniḥ) - a thunderbolt (thunderbolt, lightning)

• पर्वतम् (parvatam) - a mountain (a mountain, a hill)

• इन्द्रसृष्टः (indrasṛṣṭaḥ) - (thunderbolt) sent by Indra (created/sent by Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (Pārtha) (by Partha, by Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kunti), mother of Arjuna

सृष्टः (sṛṣṭaḥ) - released (released, discharged, created)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sṛṣṭa

sṛṣṭa - released, discharged, created, produced

Past Passive Participle

From √sṛj (to discharge, create)

Root: sṛj (class 6)

सः (saḥ) - that (arrow) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the arrow from the previous verse implicitly.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used as a particle for emphasis or transition.

गार्ध्रपत्रः (gārdhrapatraḥ) - adorned with vulture feathers (describing the arrow) (having vulture feathers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gārdhrapatra

gārdhrapatra - having vulture feathers (an epithet for an arrow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gārdhra+patra)

• gārdhra – of a vulture, vulture-like
  adjective
• patra – feather, wing, leaf
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the arrow.

आ (ā) - up to (up to, until, completely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions with 'puṅkhadeśāt' to mean 'up to the feathered part'.

पुङ्खदेशात् (puṅkhadeśāt) - from the feathered part (of the arrow) (from the feathered part, from the fletching)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of puṅkhadeśa

puṅkhadeśa - feathered part of an arrow, fletching

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puṅkha+deśa)

• puṅkha – feathered part of an arrow, fletching
  noun (masculine)
• deśa – place, region, part
  noun (masculine)

Note: Combined with 'ā', it means 'up to the fletching', indicating deep penetration.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered, penetrated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of praviveś

Perfect Active

From pra- + √viś (to enter)

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

नागम् (nāgam) - the elephant (elephant, serpent, Nāga)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - elephant, serpent, cobra, a mythological serpent-being

विदार्य (vidārya) - tearing, splitting (having torn, having split)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix

From vi- + √dṝ (to tear, split)

Prefix: vi

Root: dṝ (class 1)

शैलप्रवरप्रकाशं (śailapravaraprakāśaṁ) - which shone like a magnificent mountain (shining like an excellent mountain, having the splendor of a great mountain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śailapravaraprakāśa

śailapravaraprakāśa - shining like an excellent mountain, resembling a great mountain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śaila+pravara+prakāśa)

• śaila – mountain
  noun (masculine)
• pravara – excellent, chief, best
  adjective
• prakāśa – light, splendor, appearance, shining like
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgam'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a simile.

अशनिः (aśaniḥ) - a thunderbolt (thunderbolt, lightning)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśani

aśani - thunderbolt, lightning

Note: Subject of the simile.

पर्वतम् (parvatam) - a mountain (a mountain, a hill)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

Note: Object of the implied action of the thunderbolt.

इन्द्रसृष्टः (indrasṛṣṭaḥ) - (thunderbolt) sent by Indra (created/sent by Indra)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indrasṛṣṭa

indrasṛṣṭa - created by Indra, sent by Indra

Past Passive Participle

From Indra + sṛṣṭa (P.P.P. of √sṛj)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indra+sṛṣṭa)

• indra – Indra (king of the gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sṛṣṭa – released, discharged, created
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √sṛj (to discharge, create)
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'aśaniḥ'.