महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-60, verse-14

दृष्ट्वैव बाणेन हतं तु नागं योधांश्च सर्वान्द्रवतो निशम्य ।
रथं समावृत्य कुरुप्रवीरो रणात्प्रदुद्राव यतो न पार्थः ॥१४॥

14. dṛṣṭvaiva bāṇena hataṁ tu nāgaṁ; yodhāṁśca sarvāndravato niśamya ,
rathaṁ samāvṛtya kurupravīro; raṇātpradudrāva yato na pārthaḥ.

14. dṛṣṭvā eva bāṇena hatam tu nāgam
yodhān ca sarvān dravataḥ niśamya
ratham samāvṛtya kurupravīraḥ
raṇāt pradudrāva yataḥ na pārthaḥ

14. And indeed, having seen the elephant (nāga) killed by an arrow, and having perceived all the warriors fleeing, the best of the Kurus (Duryodhana), turning his chariot around, fled from the battle to a place where Partha (Arjuna) was not.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, even

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - by an arrow, with an arrow

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, struck down, slain

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• नागम् (nāgam) - the elephant (Duryodhana's elephant) (elephant, serpent)

• योधान् (yodhān) - warriors, fighters

• च (ca) - and, also

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

• द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing (warriors) (fleeing, running, flowing)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived, having learned

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot, car

• समावृत्य (samāvṛtya) - having turned his chariot back (having turned around, having surrounded)

• कुरुप्रवीरः (kurupravīraḥ) - Duryodhana, the chief of the Kurus (the chief of the Kurus, the best Kuru (a proper noun))

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from the fight

• प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - he fled, he ran away

• यतः (yataḥ) - to a place where (whence, from where, where)

• न (na) - not, no

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

बाणेन (bāṇena) - by an arrow, with an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow, shaft

हतम् (hatam) - killed, struck down, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'nāgam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

नागम् (nāgam) - the elephant (Duryodhana's elephant) (elephant, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, elephant, mythical serpent-demon

योधान् (yodhān) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'yodhān'.

द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing (warriors) (fleeing, running, flowing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dravat

dravat - running, fleeing, flowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dru' (to run, flee).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yodhān'.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived, having learned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'śam' (to be quiet, discern) with upasarga 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot, car

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram

समावृत्य (samāvṛtya) - having turned his chariot back (having turned around, having surrounded)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'vṛt' (to turn, roll) with upasargas 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कुरुप्रवीरः (kurupravīraḥ) - Duryodhana, the chief of the Kurus (the chief of the Kurus, the best Kuru (a proper noun))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurupravīra

kurupravīra - chief of the Kurus, best of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+pravīra)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king, ancestor of Kauravas and Pandavas; a descendant of Kuru)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pravīra – hero, chief, excellent warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vīr (class 10)

रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from the fight

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

From root 'raṇ' (to sound, rejoice, fight).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - he fled, he ran away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect tense formation

Reduplicated past tense, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

यतः (yataḥ) - to a place where (whence, from where, where)

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of 'ya' (which) used as an adverb.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kunti).