महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-60, verse-15

तं भीमरूपं त्वरितं द्रवन्तं दुर्योधनं शत्रुसहो निषङ्गी ।
प्राक्ष्वेडयद्योद्धुमनाः किरीटी बाणेन विद्धं रुधिरं वमन्तम् ॥१५॥

15. taṁ bhīmarūpaṁ tvaritaṁ dravantaṁ; duryodhanaṁ śatrusaho niṣaṅgī ,
prākṣveḍayadyoddhumanāḥ kirīṭī; bāṇena viddhaṁ rudhiraṁ vamantam.

15. tam bhīmarūpam tvaritam dravantam
duryodhanam śatrusahaḥ niṣaṅgī
prākṣveḍayat yoddhumanāḥ kirīṭī
bāṇena viddham rudhiram vamantam

15. Arjuna, the wearer of the diadem (kirīṭī), bearing a quiver and determined to fight, challenged Duryodhana, who had a terrifying appearance, was rapidly fleeing, pierced by an arrow, and vomiting blood.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• भीमरूपम् (bhīmarūpam) - of terrifying form, dreadful looking

• त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - quickly, swiftly

• द्रवन्तम् (dravantam) - running, fleeing

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• शत्रुसहः (śatrusahaḥ) - Epithet for Arjuna (conqueror of enemies, tolerator of adversaries)

• निषङ्गी (niṣaṅgī) - Refers to Arjuna. (possessing a quiver, armed with a quiver)

• प्राक्ष्वेडयत् (prākṣveḍayat) - he challenged, he called out loudly

• योद्धुमनाः (yoddhumanāḥ) - Refers to Arjuna's intention. (intent on fighting, having the mind to fight)

• किरीटी (kirīṭī) - Epithet for Arjuna. (wearer of the diadem, crowned one)

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - by an arrow

• विद्धम् (viddham) - pierced, struck

• रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

• वमन्तम् (vamantam) - vomiting, spitting out

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

भीमरूपम् (bhīmarūpam) - of terrifying form, dreadful looking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmarūpa

bhīmarūpa - of terrifying form, dreadful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhīma+rūpa)

• bhīma – dreadful, terrible
  adjective
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• rūpa – form, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rūp

Note: Agrees with Duryodhanam.

त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - quickly, swiftly

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - quick, swift, hurried

Past Passive Participle

from root tvar (to hurry)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverb here, modifying 'dravantam'.

द्रवन्तम् (dravantam) - running, fleeing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dravat

dravat - running, flowing, fleeing

Present Active Participle

from root dru (to run)

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'Duryodhanam'.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava, literally 'difficult to fight')

Note: Object of 'prākṣveḍayat'.

शत्रुसहः (śatrusahaḥ) - Epithet for Arjuna (conqueror of enemies, tolerator of adversaries)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrusaha

śatrusaha - one who endures or conquers enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+saha)

• śatru – enemy, adversary
  noun (masculine)
• saha – enduring, conquering (from root sah)
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sah
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Kirīṭī (Arjuna).

निषङ्गी (niṣaṅgī) - Refers to Arjuna. (possessing a quiver, armed with a quiver)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣaṅgin

niṣaṅgin - having a quiver, archer

from niṣaṅga (quiver) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with Kirīṭī (Arjuna).

प्राक्ष्वेडयत् (prākṣveḍayat) - he challenged, he called out loudly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prākṣveḍay

Causative

from root kṣviḍ (to make a sound) with prefix pra- and causative suffix -aya

Prefix: pra

Root: kṣviḍ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence, subject is Kirīṭī (Arjuna).

योद्धुमनाः (yoddhumanāḥ) - Refers to Arjuna's intention. (intent on fighting, having the mind to fight)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yoddhumanas

yoddhumanas - desirous of fighting, eager for battle

compound of yoddhum (infinitive of root yudh, to fight) and manas (mind)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yoddhum+manas)

• yoddhum – to fight
  indeclinable
  Infinitive
  from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• manas – mind, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man

Note: Agrees with Kirīṭī (Arjuna).

किरीटी (kirīṭī) - Epithet for Arjuna. (wearer of the diadem, crowned one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - wearer of the diadem, crowned

from kirīṭa (diadem) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

बाणेन (bāṇena) - by an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of being pierced ('viddham').

विद्धम् (viddham) - pierced, struck

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, struck, wounded

Past Passive Participle

from root vyadh (to pierce)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'Duryodhanam'.

रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood

Root: rudh

Note: Object of 'vamantam'.

वमन्तम् (vamantam) - vomiting, spitting out

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vamat

vamat - vomiting, ejecting

Present Active Participle

from root vam (to vomit)

Root: vam (class 1)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'Duryodhanam'.