महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-60, verse-5

स तेन बाणाभिहतस्तरस्वी दुर्योधनेनोद्धतमन्युवेगः ।
शरानुपादाय विषाग्निकल्पान्विव्याध राजानमदीनसत्त्वः ॥५॥

5. sa tena bāṇābhihatastarasvī; duryodhanenoddhatamanyuvegaḥ ,
śarānupādāya viṣāgnikalpā;nvivyādha rājānamadīnasattvaḥ.

5. sa tena bāṇābhihataḥ tarasvī duryodhanena uddhatamanyuvegaḥ
śarān upādāya viṣāgnikalpān vivyādha rājānam adīnasattvaḥ

5. Struck by that arrow from Duryodhana, the powerful one, whose surge of anger was greatly aroused, then, with unyielding courage, took up arrows like poison and fire and pierced King Duryodhana.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• बाणाभिहतः (bāṇābhihataḥ) - struck by the arrow (struck by arrows, pierced by arrows)

• तरस्वी (tarasvī) - powerful, energetic, swift

• दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

• उद्धतमन्युवेगः (uddhatamanyuvegaḥ) - whose surge of anger was aroused, whose fury was roused

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken, taking up

• विषाग्निकल्पान् (viṣāgnikalpān) - resembling poison and fire (describing arrows) (resembling poison and fire)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he wounded

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King Duryodhana (the king (accusative))

• अदीनसत्त्वः (adīnasattvaḥ) - of unyielding courage, whose spirit is not dejected

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'bāṇābhihataḥ' (struck by that arrow).

बाणाभिहतः (bāṇābhihataḥ) - struck by the arrow (struck by arrows, pierced by arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāṇābhihata

bāṇābhihata - struck by an arrow, pierced by an arrow

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √han 'to strike' with prefix abhi-, preceded by bāṇa.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+abhihata)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• abhihata – struck, smitten
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √han 'to strike' with prefix abhi-.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

तरस्वी (tarasvī) - powerful, energetic, swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tarasvin

tarasvin - powerful, energetic, swift, mighty

Derived from 'taras' (power, speed).

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name)

Note: Agent of 'bāṇābhihataḥ'.

उद्धतमन्युवेगः (uddhatamanyuvegaḥ) - whose surge of anger was aroused, whose fury was roused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uddhatamanyuvega

uddhatamanyuvega - whose surge of anger is aroused

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (uddhata+manyu+vega)

• uddhata – aroused, elevated, furious
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dhṛ 'to hold' with prefix ud-.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• manyu – anger, wrath, fury
  noun (masculine)
• vega – rush, surge, impulse, force
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Object of 'upādāya'.

उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken, taking up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √dā 'to give/take' with prefixes upa- and ā-.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

विषाग्निकल्पान् (viṣāgnikalpān) - resembling poison and fire (describing arrows) (resembling poison and fire)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viṣāgnikalpa

viṣāgnikalpa - resembling poison and fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣa+agni+kalpa)

• viṣa – poison
  noun (neuter)
• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• kalpa – like, resembling, similar to
  adjective
  Suffix -kalpa indicating similarity.

Note: Agrees with 'śarān'.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect Active

Form of root √vyadh (class 4) in perfect tense.

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

राजानम् (rājānam) - King Duryodhana (the king (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Object of 'vivyādha'.

अदीनसत्त्वः (adīnasattvaḥ) - of unyielding courage, whose spirit is not dejected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adīnasattva

adīnasattva - of undaunted spirit, unyielding, resolute

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dīna+sattva)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• dīna – dejected, humble, poor
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dī 'to decay, be sad'.
  Root: dī (class 4)
• sattva – essence, spirit, courage, being
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.