महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-60, verse-10

शरप्रतप्तः स तु नागराजः प्रवेपिताङ्गो व्यथितान्तरात्मा ।
संसीदमानो निपपात मह्यां वज्राहतं शृङ्गमिवाचलस्य ॥१०॥

10. śaraprataptaḥ sa tu nāgarājaḥ; pravepitāṅgo vyathitāntarātmā ,
saṁsīdamāno nipapāta mahyāṁ; vajrāhataṁ śṛṅgamivācalasya.

10. śaraprataptaḥ saḥ tu nāgarājaḥ
pravepitāṅgaḥ vyathitāntarātmā
saṃsīdamānaḥ nipapāta mahyāṃ
vajrāhataṃ śṛṅgam iva acalasya

10. That lordly elephant (nāgarāja), severely afflicted by the arrow, with its limbs trembling and its inner being (ātman) distressed, collapsed and fell to the ground, just like a mountain peak struck by a thunderbolt.

Words meanings summery:

• शरप्रतप्तः (śaraprataptaḥ) - severely afflicted by the arrow (heated/agitated by an arrow, wounded by an arrow)

• सः (saḥ) - that (elephant) (that, he)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, however)

• नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - lordly elephant (nāgarāja) (chief of elephants, king of serpents)

• प्रवेपिताङ्गः (pravepitāṅgaḥ) - with its limbs trembling (having trembling limbs, with greatly agitated body)

• व्यथितान्तरात्मा (vyathitāntarātmā) - with its inner being (ātman) distressed (having an agitated inner self, with distressed mind/heart)

• संसीदमानः (saṁsīdamānaḥ) - collapsing (collapsing, sinking down, becoming weak)

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell to the ground (fell down, collapsed)

• मह्यां (mahyāṁ) - to the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

• वज्राहतं (vajrāhataṁ) - struck by a thunderbolt (struck by a thunderbolt, shattered by a diamond)

• शृङ्गम् (śṛṅgam) - a mountain peak (horn, peak, summit)

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• अचलस्य (acalasya) - of a mountain (of a mountain, of an immovable one)

Words meanings and morphology

शरप्रतप्तः (śaraprataptaḥ) - severely afflicted by the arrow (heated/agitated by an arrow, wounded by an arrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarapratapta

śarapratapta - scorched by an arrow, greatly tormented by an arrow

Past Passive Participle

From śara (arrow) + pra- + √tap (to heat, torment)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+pratapta)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pratapta – heated, scorched, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra- + √tap (to heat, torment)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the elephant (nāgarāja).

सः (saḥ) - that (elephant) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the elephant.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - lordly elephant (nāgarāja) (chief of elephants, king of serpents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgarāja

nāgarāja - king of serpents, chief of elephants

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+rāja)

• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, chief
  noun (masculine)

प्रवेपिताङ्गः (pravepitāṅgaḥ) - with its limbs trembling (having trembling limbs, with greatly agitated body)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravepitāṅga

pravepitāṅga - having trembling limbs, with body greatly agitated

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pravepita+aṅga)

• pravepita – greatly trembled, shaken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra- + √vep (to tremble)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vep (class 1)
• aṅga – limb, body part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the elephant.

व्यथितान्तरात्मा (vyathitāntarātmā) - with its inner being (ātman) distressed (having an agitated inner self, with distressed mind/heart)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathitāntarātman

vyathitāntarātman - having an agitated inner self/mind (ātman), with distressed heart

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyathita+antarātman)

• vyathita – distressed, agitated, troubled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vyath (to be agitated, distressed)
  Root: vyath (class 1)
• antarātman – inner self, soul (ātman), mind, heart
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the elephant. 'ātman' refers to the inner self or mind here, not the cosmic principle.

संसीदमानः (saṁsīdamānaḥ) - collapsing (collapsing, sinking down, becoming weak)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsīdamāna

saṁsīdamāna - collapsing, sinking down, becoming weak, decaying

Present Middle Participle

From sam- + √sad (to sit, sink, collapse)

Prefix: sam

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the elephant, describing its state as it falls.

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell to the ground (fell down, collapsed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of nipapāt

Perfect Active

From ni- + √pat (to fall)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

मह्यां (mahyāṁ) - to the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground

वज्राहतं (vajrāhataṁ) - struck by a thunderbolt (struck by a thunderbolt, shattered by a diamond)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vajrāhata

vajrāhata - struck by a thunderbolt

Past Passive Participle

From vajra (thunderbolt) + āhata (P.P.P. of ā-√han, to strike)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vajra+āhata)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• āhata – struck, smitten, hurt
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā- + √han (to strike)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'śṛṅgam'.

शृङ्गम् (śṛṅgam) - a mountain peak (horn, peak, summit)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śṛṅga

śṛṅga - horn, peak, summit, mountain peak

Note: The object of comparison.

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अचलस्य (acalasya) - of a mountain (of a mountain, of an immovable one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immovable, mountain

From a- (not) + √cal (to move)

Compound type : negation tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• cala – moving, shaking
  adjective (masculine)
  From √cal (to move)
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Possessive, 'of a mountain'.