महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-60, verse-16

अर्जुन उवाच ।
विहाय कीर्तिं विपुलं यशश्च युद्धात्परावृत्य पलायसे किम् ।
न तेऽद्य तूर्याणि समाहतानि यथावदुद्यान्ति गतस्य युद्धे ॥१६॥

16. arjuna uvāca ,
vihāya kīrtiṁ vipulaṁ yaśaśca; yuddhātparāvṛtya palāyase kim ,
na te'dya tūryāṇi samāhatāni; yathāvadudyānti gatasya yuddhe.

16. arjunaḥ uvāca vihāya kīrtiṃ vipulaṃ
yaśaḥ ca yuddhāt parāvṛtya palāyase
kim na te adya tūryāṇi samāhatāni
yathāvat udyānti gatasya yuddhe

16. Arjuna said: Why do you flee, abandoning great fame and glory and turning back from battle? Today, your war-drums do not sound properly for one who has fled the fight.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, leaving behind

• कीर्तिं (kīrtiṁ) - fame, renown

• विपुलं (vipulaṁ) - great, extensive, abundant

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - glory, renown

• च (ca) - and

• युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from battle, from the fight

• परावृत्य (parāvṛtya) - having turned back, having retreated

• पलायसे (palāyase) - you flee, you run away

• किम् (kim) - why? what?

• न (na) - not

• ते (te) - your, of you

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• तूर्याणि (tūryāṇi) - war-drums, trumpets, musical instruments

• समाहतानि (samāhatāni) - sounded, beaten, struck

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, appropriately, according to rule

• उद्यान्ति (udyānti) - they rise, they sound

• गतस्य (gatasya) - Refers to Duryodhana, who has fled. (of one who has gone/fled)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in the fight

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of the third Pāṇḍava)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect

from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Past tense verb.

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, leaving behind

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root hā (to abandon) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Indicates prior action to 'palāyase'.

कीर्तिं (kīrtiṁ) - fame, renown

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, glory, renown

from root kṛt (to praise, to mention)

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Object of 'vihāya'.

विपुलं (vipulaṁ) - great, extensive, abundant

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vipula

vipula - great, extensive, large

Note: Agrees with 'kīrtiṃ'.

यशः (yaśaḥ) - glory, renown

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - glory, splendor, renown

Note: Object of 'vihāya'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kīrtiṃ' and 'yaśaḥ'.

युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from battle, from the fight

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates origin of retreat.

परावृत्य (parāvṛtya) - having turned back, having retreated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root vṛt (to turn) with prefix parā-

Prefix: parā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Indicates prior action to 'palāyase'.

पलायसे (palāyase) - you flee, you run away

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of palāy

present

from root ay (to go) with prefix palā- (originally pari-ā)

Prefix: palā

Root: ay (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the question, addressing Duryodhana.

किम् (kim) - why? what?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

ते (te) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive for 'tūryāṇi'.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

तूर्याणि (tūryāṇi) - war-drums, trumpets, musical instruments

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tūrya

tūrya - musical instrument, war-drum, trumpet

Note: Subject of 'udyānti'.

समाहतानि (samāhatāni) - sounded, beaten, struck

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of samāhata

samāhata - struck, beaten, sounded

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to strike) with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tūryāṇi'.

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, appropriately, according to rule

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'udyānti'.

उद्यान्ति (udyānti) - they rise, they sound

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of udyā

present

from root yā (to go) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

गतस्य (gatasya) - Refers to Duryodhana, who has fled. (of one who has gone/fled)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, fled

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implicit person (Duryodhana) for whom the drums are not sounding.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Location where the fleeing occurred.