महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-54, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तं पार्थः प्रतिजग्राह वायुवेगमिवोद्धतम् ।
शरजालेन महता वर्षमाणमिवाम्बुदम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
taṁ pārthaḥ pratijagrāha vāyuvegamivoddhatam ,
śarajālena mahatā varṣamāṇamivāmbudam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tam pārthaḥ pratijagrāha vāyuvegam
iva uddhatam śarajālena mahatā varṣamāṇam iva ambudam

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Pārtha (Arjuna) met him, who was as impetuous as the force of the wind and raining down a great multitude of arrows like a cloud.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - him, that (one)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī) (Pārtha (Arjuna))

• प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - he met, he opposed, he received

• वायुवेगम् (vāyuvegam) - the force of the wind, the speed of the wind

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• उद्धतम् (uddhatam) - impetuous, violent, agitated, arrogant

• शरजालेन (śarajālena) - by a multitude of arrows, by a net of arrows

• महता (mahatā) - by a great, by a large

• वर्षमाणम् (varṣamāṇam) - raining, showering

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• अम्बुदम् (ambudam) - a cloud (literally 'water-giver')

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana, a celebrated sage and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him, that (one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī) (Pārtha (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet of Arjuna

प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - he met, he opposed, he received

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of grah

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

वायुवेगम् (vāyuvegam) - the force of the wind, the speed of the wind

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāyuvega

vāyuvega - wind-force, speed of wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāyu+vega)

• vāyu – wind, air; god of wind
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

उद्धतम् (uddhatam) - impetuous, violent, agitated, arrogant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uddhata

uddhata - agitated, violent, impetuous, arrogant, uplifted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √han (to strike, kill, injure) with upasarga 'ud' (up, out) and past passive participle suffix 'kta'. Meaning shifts to 'lifted up', hence 'agitated', 'violent'.

Prefix: ud

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes 'tam' (him) and 'vāyuvegam' (wind force)

शरजालेन (śarajālena) - by a multitude of arrows, by a net of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śarajāla

śarajāla - net of arrows, shower of arrows, multitude of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+jāla)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• jāla – net, snare, multitude, collection
  noun (neuter)

महता (mahatā) - by a great, by a large

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'śarajālena'

वर्षमाणम् (varṣamāṇam) - raining, showering

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of varṣamāṇa

varṣamāṇa - raining, showering, causing to rain

Present Active Participle (Middle Voice)

Derived from root √vṛṣ (to rain, pour) with present participle suffix 'śānac' (used for middle voice or root with specific meaning).

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes 'tam' (him)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

अम्बुदम् (ambudam) - a cloud (literally 'water-giver')

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ambu+da)

• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, granting, bestowing
  adjective
  Agent Noun suffix
  Suffix 'da' derived from root √dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)