महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-54, verse-14

अश्वत्थाम्नः पुनर्बाणाः क्षिप्रमभ्यस्यतो रणे ।
जग्मुः परिक्षयं शीघ्रमभूत्तेनाधिकोऽर्जुनः ॥१४॥

14. aśvatthāmnaḥ punarbāṇāḥ kṣipramabhyasyato raṇe ,
jagmuḥ parikṣayaṁ śīghramabhūttenādhiko'rjunaḥ.

14. aśvatthāmnaḥ punar bāṇāḥ kṣipram abhyasyataḥ raṇe
jagmuḥ parikṣayam śīghram abhūt tena adhikaḥ arjunaḥ

14. But the arrows of Aśvatthāman, who was swiftly shooting them in battle, quickly reached exhaustion. Due to this, Arjuna became superior.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थाम्नः (aśvatthāmnaḥ) - of Aśvatthāman

• पुनर् (punar) - again, but, on the other hand

• बाणाः (bāṇāḥ) - arrows

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• अभ्यस्यतः (abhyasyataḥ) - of him who was shooting/practicing

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they reached

• परिक्षयम् (parikṣayam) - exhaustion, destruction, end

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, rapidly

• अभूत् (abhūt) - he/it became

• तेन (tena) - by that, for that reason, thereby

• अधिकः (adhikaḥ) - superior, greater, more

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थाम्नः (aśvatthāmnaḥ) - of Aśvatthāman

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - name of a warrior, son of Droṇa

पुनर् (punar) - again, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

बाणाः (bāṇāḥ) - arrows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

From root kṣip (to throw, cast)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

अभ्यस्यतः (abhyasyataḥ) - of him who was shooting/practicing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of abhyasyat

abhyasyat - practicing, exercising, shooting, learning

Present Active Participle

From root as (to throw, cast) with prefix abhi; śatṛ affix

Prefix: abhi

Root: as (class 4)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they reached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect, 3rd person plural active

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the arrows.

परिक्षयम् (parikṣayam) - exhaustion, destruction, end

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parikṣaya

parikṣaya - exhaustion, destruction, decay, end

From prefix 'pari' (around, completely) and 'kṣaya' (decay, loss)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pari+kṣaya)

• pari – around, completely, thoroughly
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• kṣaya – decay, loss, destruction, end
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣi (to destroy)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

अभूत् (abhūt) - he/it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist tense

Augment 'a' + root 'bhū' + 't' ending (3rd person singular active)

Root: bhū (class 1)

तेन (tena) - by that, for that reason, thereby

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially here.

अधिकः (adhikaḥ) - superior, greater, more

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhika

adhika - superior, exceeding, abundant, more

From prefix 'adhi' (over, above) and suffix 'ka'

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, name of the Pāṇḍava prince Arjuna

Root: ṛj