महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-54, verse-9

ततोऽर्धचन्द्रमावृत्य तेन पार्थः समागमत् ।
वारणेनेव मत्तेन मत्तो वारणयूथपः ॥९॥

9. tato'rdhacandramāvṛtya tena pārthaḥ samāgamat ,
vāraṇeneva mattena matto vāraṇayūthapaḥ.

9. tataḥ ardhacandram āvṛtya tena pārthaḥ samāgamat
vāraṇena iva mattena mattaḥ vāraṇayūthapaḥ

9. Then, having drawn (his bow into) a crescent shape, Arjuna encountered him, just as a rutting leader of an elephant herd encounters a rutting elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• अर्धचन्द्रम् (ardhacandram) - (his bow drawn into) a crescent shape (crescent moon, half-moon)

• आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having bent (his bow into) (having turned, having covered, having bent)

• तेन (tena) - with him (the opponent) (by him, with that, with him)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

• समागमत् (samāgamat) - he encountered (he met, he approached, he encountered)

• वारणेन (vāraṇena) - by an elephant

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• मत्तेन (mattena) - by a rutting (elephant) (by a rutting, by a furious, by an intoxicated)

• मत्तः (mattaḥ) - rutting (leader) (rutting, furious, intoxicated)

• वारणयूथपः (vāraṇayūthapaḥ) - leader of an elephant herd

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

अर्धचन्द्रम् (ardhacandram) - (his bow drawn into) a crescent shape (crescent moon, half-moon)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ardhacandra

ardhacandra - half-moon, crescent

Compound type : tatpurusha (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine)
• candra – moon, luminous, shining
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the action implied by āvṛtya

आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having bent (his bow into) (having turned, having covered, having bent)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from ā + √vṛt (1st class) + -ya suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तेन (tena) - with him (the opponent) (by him, with that, with him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the opponent (Karṇa, implied)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā; Arjuna

derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī)

समागमत् (samāgamat) - he encountered (he met, he approached, he encountered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samāgaccha

past imperfect (laṅ)

from sam + ā + √gam (1st class) + laṅ ending

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

वारणेन (vāraṇena) - by an elephant

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

मत्तेन (mattena) - by a rutting (elephant) (by a rutting, by a furious, by an intoxicated)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, rutting, furious, mad

Past Passive Participle

from √mad (4th class)

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with vāraṇena

मत्तः (mattaḥ) - rutting (leader) (rutting, furious, intoxicated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, rutting, furious, mad

Past Passive Participle

from √mad (4th class)

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with vāraṇayūthapaḥ

वारणयूथपः (vāraṇayūthapaḥ) - leader of an elephant herd

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāraṇayūthapa

vāraṇayūthapa - leader of an elephant herd

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāraṇa+yūthapa)

• vāraṇa – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• yūthapa – leader of a herd/group
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna in the simile