महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-54, verse-11

तौ वीरौ कुरवः सर्वे ददृशुर्विस्मयान्विताः ।
युध्यमानौ महात्मानौ यूथपाविव संगतौ ॥११॥

11. tau vīrau kuravaḥ sarve dadṛśurvismayānvitāḥ ,
yudhyamānau mahātmānau yūthapāviva saṁgatau.

11. tau vīrau kuravaḥ sarve dadṛśuḥ vismayānvitāḥ
yudhyamānau mahātmānau yūthapau iva saṃgatau

11. All the Kurus, filled with wonder, watched those two great-souled heroes fighting, who were like two herd leaders engaged in combat.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two (Arjuna and Karṇa) (those two)

• वीरौ (vīrau) - two heroes

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, whole, every)

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they watched (they saw, they beheld)

• विस्मयान्विताः (vismayānvitāḥ) - filled with wonder (filled with wonder, astonished, amazed)

• युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - fighting (fighting, battling)

• महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - great-souled ones (great-souled, noble)

• यूथपौ (yūthapau) - two herd leaders (two herd leaders, two chiefs of a troop)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• संगतौ (saṁgatau) - engaged (in combat) (joined, met, associated, engaged)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two (Arjuna and Karṇa) (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna and Karṇa; agrees with vīrau

वीरौ (vīrau) - two heroes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Object of dadṛśuḥ

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru, descendant of Kuru; name of an ancient tribe/dynasty

Note: Subject of dadṛśuḥ

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with kuravaḥ

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they watched (they saw, they beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dadṛś

past perfect (liṭ)

from √dṛś (1st class) + liṭ ending

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विस्मयान्विताः (vismayānvitāḥ) - filled with wonder (filled with wonder, astonished, amazed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vismayānvita

vismayānvita - filled with wonder, amazed, astonished

from vismaya + anvita

Compound type : tatpurusha (vismaya+anvita)

• vismaya – wonder, astonishment, surprise
  noun (masculine)
  from vi + √smi (1st class)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: smi (class 1)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, possessed of, filled with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from anu + √i (2nd class)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with kuravaḥ

युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - fighting (fighting, battling)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling

Present Middle Participle

from √yudh (4th class) + śānac suffix

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with vīrau (tau)

महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - great-souled ones (great-souled, noble)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, highly endowed, supreme (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, vast
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with vīrau (tau)

यूथपौ (yūthapau) - two herd leaders (two herd leaders, two chiefs of a troop)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yūthapa

yūthapa - herd leader, chief of a troop/band, elephant leader

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, flock, multitude, troop
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, guardian, ruler (suffix)
  noun (masculine)
  from √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Part of the simile, subject of iva

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

संगतौ (saṁgatau) - engaged (in combat) (joined, met, associated, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of saṃgata

saṁgata - joined, met, associated, assembled, engaged

Past Passive Participle

from sam + √gam (1st class) + kta suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with yūthapau