महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-39, verse-22

दिष्ट्या त्वां पार्थ पश्यामि स्वागतं ते धनंजय ।
लोहिताक्ष महाबाहो नागराजकरोपम ।
यदज्ञानादवोचं त्वां क्षन्तुमर्हसि तन्मम ॥२२॥

22. diṣṭyā tvāṁ pārtha paśyāmi svāgataṁ te dhanaṁjaya ,
lohitākṣa mahābāho nāgarājakaropama ,
yadajñānādavocaṁ tvāṁ kṣantumarhasi tanmama.

22. diṣṭyā tvām pārtha paśyāmi svāgatam
te dhanaṃjaya lohitākṣa mahābāho
nāgarājakaropama yat ajñānāt
avocam tvām kṣantum arhasi tat mama

22. Fortunately, O Pārtha, I see you! Welcome to you, O Dhanañjaya! O red-eyed one, O mighty-armed one, whose arms are like the trunks of a lordly elephant! Please forgive me for what I said to you out of ignorance.

Words meanings summery:

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by luck, by good fortune

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative singular)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna) (O Arjuna, O son of Pṛthā)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome

• ते (te) - to you, for you, your

• धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - O Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) (O conqueror of wealth, O Arjuna)

• लोहिताक्ष (lohitākṣa) - O red-eyed one

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one, O great-armed one

• नागराजकरोपम (nāgarājakaropama) - resembling the trunk of a lordly elephant

• यत् (yat) - that (referring to the act of speaking) (that which, because)

• अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance, due to ignorance

• अवोचम् (avocam) - I spoke, I said

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative singular)

• क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive, to pardon

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the act of speaking) (that, therefore)

• मम (mama) - my, to me

Words meanings and morphology

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by luck, by good fortune

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of diṣṭi

diṣṭi - good fortune, luck, destiny

Note: Adverbial instrumental.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna) (O Arjuna, O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense form, first conjugation, parasmaipada. Uses the stem 'paśya' in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - well come, welcome

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su (well) + āgata (come, arrived). Also used as a noun meaning 'welcome' or an adjective 'welcome'. Here as a noun/interjection.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+āgata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, obtained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from √gam with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as an exclamation 'Welcome!'.

ते (te) - to you, for you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Enclitic dative/genitive singular of yuṣmad

धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - O Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) (O conqueror of wealth, O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, Arjuna

Compound of 'dhana' (wealth) and 'jaya' (conquering)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  from √ji 'to conquer'
  Root: ji (class 1)

लोहिताक्ष (lohitākṣa) - O red-eyed one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of lohitākṣa

lohitākṣa - red-eyed

Compound of 'lohita' (red) and 'akṣa' (eye)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (lohita+akṣi)

• lohita – red, blood-red
  adjective
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Vocative form of the Bahuvrihi compound.

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one, O great-armed one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, great-armed

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'bāhu' (arm)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
  Feminine stem of 'mahat', used in compounds as 'mahā'
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative form of the Bahuvrihi compound.

नागराजकरोपम (nāgarājakaropama) - resembling the trunk of a lordly elephant

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nāgarājakaropama

nāgarājakaropama - resembling the trunk of a great elephant

Compound of nāgarāja (lordly elephant), kara (trunk), and upama (like, resembling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa / upamāna-pūrvapada bahuvrīhi (nāgarāja+kara+upama)

• nāgarāja – king of elephants, lordly elephant, king of serpents
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'nāga' (elephant/serpent) and 'rāja' (king)
• kara – hand, trunk (of an elephant), ray
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• upama – resembling, like, similarity
  adjective
  From 'upa' (near) + 'mā' (to measure)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Vocative form of the compound.

यत् (yat) - that (referring to the act of speaking) (that which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, because

Neuter nominative/accusative singular of relative pronoun, also used as conjunction

Note: Acts as a conjunction or a relative pronoun.

अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance, due to ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, lack of knowledge

Compound of 'a' (not) and 'jñāna' (knowledge)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  from √jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

अवोचम् (avocam) - I spoke, I said

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of vac

Aorist tense form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive, to pardon

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of kṣam

infinitive

Infinitive form of √kṣam

Root: kṣam (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense form, second person singular

Root: arh (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the act of speaking) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Neuter accusative singular of demonstrative pronoun

मम (mama) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Genitive or dative singular of asmad