महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-39, verse-12

अभिप्रयामि संग्रामे यदहं युद्धदुर्मदान् ।
नाजित्वा विनिवर्तामि तेन मां विजयं विदुः ॥१२॥

12. abhiprayāmi saṁgrāme yadahaṁ yuddhadurmadān ,
nājitvā vinivartāmi tena māṁ vijayaṁ viduḥ.

12. abhiprayāmi saṃgrāme yat aham yuddhadurmadān
| na ajitvā vinivartāmi tena mām vijayam viduḥ

12. Since I advance into battle against those fiercely arrogant in combat and do not return without conquering them, for that reason they call me Vijaya.

Words meanings summery:

• अभिप्रयामि (abhiprayāmi) - I go forth, I advance, I proceed

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat, in war

• यत् (yat) - since, because, that which

• अहम् (aham) - I

• युद्धदुर्मदान् (yuddhadurmadān) - those maddened by battle, fiercely arrogant in combat

• न (na) - not, no

• अजित्वा (ajitvā) - without having conquered

• विनिवर्तामि (vinivartāmi) - I return, I come back

• तेन (tena) - therefore, by that reason, with that

• माम् (mām) - me

• विजयम् (vijayam) - a proper name (Vijaya), meaning 'victorious one' (victory, conqueror)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they call (me Vijaya) (they know, they understand, they call)

Words meanings and morphology

अभिप्रयामि (abhiprayāmi) - I go forth, I advance, I proceed

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of yā

Present Active

root 'yā' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'pra', present tense, 1st person singular

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: yā (class 2)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, combat, war

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

यत् (yat) - since, because, that which

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

युद्धदुर्मदान् (yuddhadurmadān) - those maddened by battle, fiercely arrogant in combat

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - maddened/intoxicated by battle

compound: yuddha (battle) + durmada (arrogant, mad)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – battle, war, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – arrogant, fierce, mad, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  compound: dur (bad, difficult) + mada (intoxication, arrogance)
  Prefix: dur

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अजित्वा (ajitvā) - without having conquered

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with negative prefix

from root 'ji' (to conquer) with negative prefix 'a'

Compound type : privative (a+jitvā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• jitvā – having conquered
  indeclinable
  absolutive (gerund)
  from root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

विनिवर्तामि (vinivartāmi) - I return, I come back

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of vṛt

Present Active

root 'vṛt' with prefixes 'vi' and 'ni', present tense, 1st person singular

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तेन (tena) - therefore, by that reason, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

विजयम् (vijayam) - a proper name (Vijaya), meaning 'victorious one' (victory, conqueror)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conqueror

Prefix: vi

Root: ji

विदुः (viduḥ) - they call (me Vijaya) (they know, they understand, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vid

Perfect Active

root 'vid', perfect tense, 3rd person plural (or present, 3rd plural, class 2)

Root: vid (class 2)