महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-39, verse-20

कृष्ण इत्येव दशमं नाम चक्रे पिता मम ।
कृष्णावदातस्य सतः प्रियत्वाद्बालकस्य वै ॥२०॥

20. kṛṣṇa ityeva daśamaṁ nāma cakre pitā mama ,
kṛṣṇāvadātasya sataḥ priyatvādbālakasya vai.

20. kṛṣṇaḥ iti eva daśamam nāma cakre pitā mama
kṛṣṇāvadātasya sataḥ priyatvāt bālakasya vai

20. My father indeed gave me the tenth name, 'Kṛṣṇa,' due to his affection for the boy who possessed both dark and fair qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa, dark, black, charming

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech or quoted name

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• दशमम् (daśamam) - tenth

• नाम (nāma) - name

• चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did, he performed, he gave

• पिता (pitā) - father

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• कृष्णावदातस्य (kṛṣṇāvadātasya) - of the dark and fair, of the black and white

• सतः (sataḥ) - being, existing

• प्रियत्वात् (priyatvāt) - due to dearness, out of affection, from belovedness

• बालकस्य (bālakasya) - of the boy, of the child

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

Words meanings and morphology

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa, dark, black, charming

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa, dark, black, charming

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: used as a name for Arjuna, meaning dark/black

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech or quoted name

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

दशमम् (daśamam) - tenth

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśama

daśama - tenth

Root: daśan

Note: modifies nāma

नाम (nāma) - name

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name

चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did, he performed, he gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

कृष्णावदातस्य (kṛṣṇāvadātasya) - of the dark and fair, of the black and white

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇāvadāta

kṛṣṇāvadāta - dark and fair, black and white

Compound type : dvandva (kṛṣṇa+avadāta)

• kṛṣṇa – dark, black
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• avadāta – white, pure, clean
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from ava-√dai/√dā (to cleanse, purify)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: dai (class 3)

Note: modifies bālakasya

सतः (sataḥ) - being, existing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sant

sant - being, existing, good

Present Active Participle

from √as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: modifies bālakasya, referring to its state of being

प्रियत्वात् (priyatvāt) - due to dearness, out of affection, from belovedness

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of priyatva

priyatva - dearness, belovedness

from priya (dear) + -tva (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: denotes cause

बालकस्य (bālakasya) - of the boy, of the child

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bālaka

bālaka - boy, child

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)