महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-24, verse-5

अथ वै धार्तराष्ट्रेण प्रयुक्ता ये बहिश्चराः ।
मृगयित्वा बहून्ग्रामान्राष्ट्राणि नगराणि च ॥५॥

5. atha vai dhārtarāṣṭreṇa prayuktā ye bahiścarāḥ ,
mṛgayitvā bahūngrāmānrāṣṭrāṇi nagarāṇi ca.

5. atha vai dhārtarāṣṭreṇa prayuktāḥ ye bahiścarāḥ
mṛgayitvā bahūn grāmān rāṣṭrāṇi nagarāṇi ca

5. Now, those scouts who were indeed dispatched by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, after diligently searching many villages, kingdoms, and cities...

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now (now, then, thereupon, moreover)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly (emphatic particle))

• धार्तराष्ट्रेण (dhārtarāṣṭreṇa) - by the son(s) of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (collective sense for Kauravas) (by Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, by the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• प्रयुक्ताः (prayuktāḥ) - dispatched, sent (sent, appointed, employed, dispatched)

• ये (ye) - who (who, which)

• बहिश्चराः (bahiścarāḥ) - scouts, spies (those who move outside, spies, scouts)

• मृगयित्वा (mṛgayitvā) - having diligently searched (having hunted, having searched, having investigated)

• बहून् (bahūn) - many (many, much)

• ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages (villages, communities)

• राष्ट्राणि (rāṣṭrāṇi) - kingdoms (kingdoms, countries, realms)

• नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities (cities, towns)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now (now, then, thereupon, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the beginning of a new section or thought.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

धार्तराष्ट्रेण (dhārtarāṣṭreṇa) - by the son(s) of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (collective sense for Kauravas) (by Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, by the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (often refers to the Kauravas)

Derived from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Refers to the Kauravas collectively, as the agent.

प्रयुक्ताः (prayuktāḥ) - dispatched, sent (sent, appointed, employed, dispatched)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prayukta

prayukta - sent, appointed, employed, dispatched, joined, connected

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yuj' (to join) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'ye bahiścarāḥ'.

ये (ye) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'bahiścarāḥ'.

बहिश्चराः (bahiścarāḥ) - scouts, spies (those who move outside, spies, scouts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahiścara

bahiścara - going outside, moving outside, a spy, scout

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahis+cara)

• bahis – outside, external
  indeclinable
• cara – going, moving, a wanderer, spy
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root 'car' (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: The main subject of this clause.

मृगयित्वा (mṛgayitvā) - having diligently searched (having hunted, having searched, having investigated)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form derived from the verbal root 'mṛg' (to seek, hunt) via a 10th class formation or causative stem 'mṛgaya' with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: mṛg (class 10)

Note: Absolutive, indicates a preceding action by the subject.

बहून् (bahūn) - many (many, much)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Qualifies 'grāmān'.

ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages (villages, communities)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of grāma

grāma - village, community, collection

Note: Object of 'mṛgayitvā'.

राष्ट्राणि (rāṣṭrāṇi) - kingdoms (kingdoms, countries, realms)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm, state

Note: Object of 'mṛgayitvā'.

नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities (cities, towns)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Object of 'mṛgayitvā'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'grāmān', 'rāṣṭrāṇi', and 'nagarāṇi'.