महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-24, verse-19

येन त्रिगर्ता निकृता बलेन महता नृप ।
सूतेन राज्ञो मत्स्यस्य कीचकेन महात्मना ॥१९॥

19. yena trigartā nikṛtā balena mahatā nṛpa ,
sūtena rājño matsyasya kīcakena mahātmanā.

19. yena trigartāḥ nikṛtāḥ balena mahatā nṛpa
sūtena rājñaḥ matsyasya kīcakena mahātmanā

19. O King, by whom the Trigartas were greatly humiliated through immense strength—that Kīcaka, the great-souled charioteer of King Matsya...

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - Refers to Kīcaka. (by whom, by which)

• त्रिगर्ताः (trigartāḥ) - the people of Trigarta, the Trigartas

• निकृताः (nikṛtāḥ) - humiliated, injured, defeated, tormented

• बलेन (balena) - by strength, by force

• महता (mahatā) - by great, by powerful

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• सूतेन (sūtena) - by the charioteer, by the minister

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, by the king

• मत्स्यस्य (matsyasya) - of Matsya

• कीचकेन (kīcakena) - by Kīcaka

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - Refers to Kīcaka. (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

त्रिगर्ताः (trigartāḥ) - the people of Trigarta, the Trigartas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trigarta

trigarta - name of a country and its people (literally 'three pits')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+garta)

• tri – three
  numeral
• garta – pit, hollow, cavity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Plural refers to the people.

निकृताः (nikṛtāḥ) - humiliated, injured, defeated, tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nikṛta

nikṛta - humiliated, injured, defeated, tormented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ni-√kṛ (to injure, humiliate)

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with Trigartāḥ.

बलेन (balena) - by strength, by force

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, force, power

महता (mahatā) - by great, by powerful

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, powerful

Note: Agrees with balena.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Derived from nṛ (man) + √pā (to protect)

सूतेन (sūtena) - by the charioteer, by the minister

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, minister

Note: Refers to Kīcaka.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, by the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Refers to King Matsya.

मत्स्यस्य (matsyasya) - of Matsya

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish, name of a king/country

Note: Agrees with rājñaḥ.

कीचकेन (kīcakena) - by Kīcaka

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kīcaka

kīcaka - name of a general/charioteer in the Matsya kingdom

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble

Compound of mahat (great) and ātman (soul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, powerful
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – soul, self, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Kīcakena.