महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-96, verse-16

लोमश उवाच ।
तत आयव्ययौ पूर्णौ तेषां राजा न्यवेदयत् ।
अतो ज्ञात्वा समादद्ध्वं यदत्र व्यतिरिच्यते ॥१६॥

16. lomaśa uvāca ,
tata āyavyayau pūrṇau teṣāṁ rājā nyavedayat ,
ato jñātvā samādaddhvaṁ yadatra vyatiricyate.

16. lomaśaḥ uvāca tataḥ āyavyayau pūrṇau teṣām rājā nyavedayat
ataḥ jñātvā samādadadhvam yat atra vyatiricyate

16. Lomasha said: "Then the king informed them of the complete income and expenditure. Therefore, having understood this, you should decide what remains in excess here."

Words meanings summery:

• लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - The sage Lomasha (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• आयव्ययौ (āyavyayau) - the income and expenditure (income and expenditure (dual))

• पूर्णौ (pūrṇau) - complete (full, complete (dual))

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - to them (dative) (of them, their)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

• न्यवेदयत् (nyavedayat) - he informed (he informed, reported)

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, from this)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having understood (having known, understood)

• समाददध्वम् (samādadadhvam) - you should decide/manage (you all manage/decide/apply yourselves (imperative))

• यत् (yat) - what (which, what)

• अत्र (atra) - here (in this matter) (here, in this matter)

• व्यतिरिच्यते (vyatiricyate) - remains in excess (remains, is left over, is in excess)

Words meanings and morphology

लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - The sage Lomasha (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - hairy, name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'tad' with suffix -tas

आयव्ययौ (āyavyayau) - the income and expenditure (income and expenditure (dual))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of āyavyaya

āyavyaya - income and expenditure

Dvanda compound: āya (income) + vyaya (expenditure)

Compound type : dvandva (āya+vyaya)

• āya – income, revenue, coming in
  noun (masculine)
  From √i with ā prefix
  Prefix: ā
  Root: i (class 2)
• vyaya – expenditure, expense, going out
  noun (masculine)
  From √i with vi prefix
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Also nominative dual.

पूर्णौ (pūrṇau) - complete (full, complete (dual))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, filled

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √pṛ (to fill)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Also nominative dual.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - to them (dative) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

dative/genitive plural of 'tad'

Note: Null for gender or case if it can be ambiguous from form alone. Here, context implies 'to them' (dative).

राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

न्यवेदयत् (nyavedayat) - he informed (he informed, reported)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vid

imperfect active

3rd person singular imperfect active (laṅ) of causative of √vid (to know) with ni prefix

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 10)

Note: Causative verb from √vid.

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, from this)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'idam' with suffix -tas

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having understood (having known, understood)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive/Gerund of √jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

समाददध्वम् (samādadadhvam) - you should decide/manage (you all manage/decide/apply yourselves (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (lot) of dhā

imperative middle

2nd person plural imperative middle of √dhā (to place, arrange) with sam and ā prefixes. The form dadadhvam is from the reduplicated stem.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

यत् (yat) - what (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

nominative/accusative singular neuter of 'yad'

Note: Also accusative singular neuter.

अत्र (atra) - here (in this matter) (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'idam' with suffix -tra

व्यतिरिच्यते (vyatiricyate) - remains in excess (remains, is left over, is in excess)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of ric

present middle

3rd person singular present middle of √ric (to leave) with vi and ati prefixes. Passive sense.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: ric (class 7)

Note: Passive usage.