महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-64, verse-18

श्वापदाचरिते नित्यं वने महति दारुणे ।
त्यक्ता तेनाल्पपुण्येन मन्दप्रज्ञेन मारिष ॥१८॥

18. śvāpadācarite nityaṁ vane mahati dāruṇe ,
tyaktā tenālpapuṇyena mandaprajñena māriṣa.

18. śvāpadācarite nityam vane mahati dāruṇe
tyaktā tena alpapuṇyena mandaprajñena māriṣa

18. Abandoned by that man of little merit and dull intellect, O venerable one, she is in a great, terrible forest, constantly frequented by wild beasts.

Words meanings summery:

• श्वापदाचरिते (śvāpadācarite) - frequented by beasts of prey, roamed by wild animals

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

• महति (mahati) - in the great, in the large

• दारुणे (dāruṇe) - in the terrible, in the dreadful

• त्यक्ता (tyaktā) - abandoned, forsaken, left

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• अल्पपुण्येन (alpapuṇyena) - by the one with little merit, by the unfortunate one

• मन्दप्रज्ञेन (mandaprajñena) - by the dull-witted one, by the one with slow intelligence

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O venerable one, O respected one

Words meanings and morphology

श्वापदाचरिते (śvāpadācarite) - frequented by beasts of prey, roamed by wild animals

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śvāpadācarita

śvāpadācarita - frequented by beasts of prey, roamed by wild animals

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvāpada+ācarita)

• śvāpada – beast of prey, carnivorous animal
  noun (masculine)
• ācarita – frequented, practiced, done
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā + car (to move, wander).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vane'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'śvāpadācarite'.

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Root: van (class 1)

महति (mahati) - in the great, in the large

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of mah (to be great) used adjectivally.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vane'.

दारुणे (dāruṇe) - in the terrible, in the dreadful

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, fearful, cruel

Root: dāru

Note: Modifies 'vane'.

त्यक्ता (tyaktā) - abandoned, forsaken, left

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tyakta

tyakta - abandoned, forsaken, left, given up

Past Passive Participle

From root tyaj (to abandon) + kta (suffix for PPP).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main predicate for the implied subject (Damayanti).

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agent of 'tyaktā'.

अल्पपुण्येन (alpapuṇyena) - by the one with little merit, by the unfortunate one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of alpapuṇya

alpapuṇya - having little merit, unfortunate, wretched

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+puṇya)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective (masculine)
• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Nala.

मन्दप्रज्ञेन (mandaprajñena) - by the dull-witted one, by the one with slow intelligence

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mandaprajña

mandaprajña - dull-witted, slow of understanding, foolish

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+prajña)

• manda – dull, slow, sluggish, weak
  adjective (masculine)
• prajña – wise, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  From pra + jñā (to know).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to Nala.

मारिष (māriṣa) - O venerable one, O respected one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - venerable man, respectable person

Note: An address to the listener.