महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-64, verse-16

सा तु तं पुरुषं नारी कृच्छ्रेऽप्यनुगता वने ।
त्यक्ता तेनाल्पपुण्येन दुष्करं यदि जीवति ॥१६॥

16. sā tu taṁ puruṣaṁ nārī kṛcchre'pyanugatā vane ,
tyaktā tenālpapuṇyena duṣkaraṁ yadi jīvati.

16. sā tu tam puruṣam nārī kṛcchre api anugatā vane
tyaktā tena alpapuṇyena duṣkaram yadi jīvati

16. But that woman, who followed that man even into the forest through hardship, having been abandoned by that man of little merit, it is difficult for her to still be alive.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she, that (one)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person

• नारी (nārī) - woman, female

• कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - in hardship, in difficulty

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• अनुगता (anugatā) - followed, gone after

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

• त्यक्ता (tyaktā) - abandoned, forsaken

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that (man)

• अल्पपुण्येन (alpapuṇyena) - by the one with little merit

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult (for her) to be alive (difficult to do, hard to accomplish)

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, is alive

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to nārī.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects contrasting ideas.

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adjective for puruṣam.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being

Note: Object of anugatā.

नारी (nārī) - woman, female

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, female

Note: Subject of the sentence fragment.

कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - in hardship, in difficulty

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - hardship, difficulty, pain, distress

Note: Indicates circumstance.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अनुगता (anugatā) - followed, gone after

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anugata

anugata - followed, gone after, accompanied

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go) with prefix anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to nārī.

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water

Note: Indicates location.

त्यक्ता (tyaktā) - abandoned, forsaken

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tyakta

tyakta - abandoned, forsaken, left

Past Passive Participle

From root √tyaj (to abandon)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to nārī.

तेन (tena) - by him, by that (man)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of tyaktā.

अल्पपुण्येन (alpapuṇyena) - by the one with little merit

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of alpapuṇya

alpapuṇya - having little merit, unfortunate

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+puṇya)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective (masculine)
• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective for tena.

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult (for her) to be alive (difficult to do, hard to accomplish)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult, hard, arduous

Compound of 'dus' (bad, difficult) and 'kara' (making, doing)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• kara – making, doing, causing
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent Noun/Kṛt formation
  From root √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective, referring to the state of her living.

यदि (yadi) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, is alive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present Active

Root √jīv (1st class, jīvati), present tense third person singular

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Verb in the conditional clause.