महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-35, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
असंशयं भारत सत्यमेतद्यन्मा तुदन्वाक्यशल्यैः क्षिणोषि ।
न त्वा विगर्हे प्रतिकूलमेतन्ममानयाद्धि व्यसनं व आगात् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
asaṁśayaṁ bhārata satyameta;dyanmā tudanvākyaśalyaiḥ kṣiṇoṣi ,
na tvā vigarhe pratikūlameta;nmamānayāddhi vyasanaṁ va āgāt.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca asaṃśayam bhārata
satyam etat yat mā tudan vākyaśalyaiḥ
kṣiṇoṣi na tvā vigarhe pratikūlam
etat mama anayāt hi vyasanam vaḥ āgāt

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'Undoubtedly, O Bhārata, this is true, that you torment me and wound me with the darts of your words. I do not blame you for this; this misfortune has indeed come upon us due to my imprudence (anaya).'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - without doubt, certainly, undoubtedly

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Draupadī or Bhīma) (O descendant of Bharata)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth; true, real

• एतत् (etat) - this

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction, introducing a clause) (that (conjunction); which (relative pronoun))

• मा (mā) - me

• तुदन् (tudan) - tormenting, afflicting

• वाक्यशल्यैः (vākyaśalyaiḥ) - by word-darts, by sharp words

• क्षिणोषि (kṣiṇoṣi) - you wound, you injure, you destroy

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

• विगर्हे (vigarhe) - I blame, I reproach

• प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - unfavorable, disagreeable, adverse; misfortune

• एतत् (etat) - this

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• अनयात् (anayāt) - from imprudence, from misconduct, from ill-policy

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, calamity, distress

• वः (vaḥ) - upon us (implying the Pāṇḍavas) (to you (plural), upon you (plural), of you (plural))

• आगात् (āgāt) - has come, arrived

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight, war
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - without doubt, certainly, undoubtedly

(indeclinable)

Formed by 'a' (negation) + 'saṃśaya' (doubt). Used adverbially.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+saṃśaya)

• a – not, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Draupadī or Bhīma) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; an Indian; a person belonging to the Bhārata lineage

Patronymic from Bharata.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth; true, real

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality; true, real, honest

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction, introducing a clause) (that (conjunction); which (relative pronoun))

(indeclinable)

Can be used as a conjunction or relative pronoun.

मा (mā) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

तुदन् (tudan) - tormenting, afflicting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tud

tud - to strike, torment, annoy, vex

Present Active Participle

Present participle of the root √tud.

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Implied subject 'you' (second person singular).

वाक्यशल्यैः (vākyaśalyaiḥ) - by word-darts, by sharp words

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vākyaśalya

vākyaśalya - word-dart, verbal arrow

Compound type : tatpurusha (vākya+śalya)

• vākya – word, speech, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac
• śalya – dart, arrow, spear; any pointed weapon or foreign body
  noun (neuter)

क्षिणोषि (kṣiṇoṣi) - you wound, you injure, you destroy

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of kṣiṇu

Root: kṣiṇu (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

विगर्हे (vigarhe) - I blame, I reproach

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of vi-garh

Root verb with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - unfavorable, disagreeable, adverse; misfortune

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratikūla

pratikūla - contrary, adverse, unfavorable, disagreeable; an adverse condition, misfortune

Compound type : avyayibhava (prati+kūla)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
  Prefix or preposition.
• kūla – bank, shore; side
  noun (neuter)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

अनयात् (anayāt) - from imprudence, from misconduct, from ill-policy

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of anaya

anaya - imprudence, misconduct, bad policy, ill-luck, loss

Derived from 'a' (negation) + 'naya' (policy, conduct).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+naya)

• a – not, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• naya – conduct, policy, prudence, leading
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √nī (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, calamity, distress

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, vice, addiction

Derived from vi-as (to throw).

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

वः (vaḥ) - upon us (implying the Pāṇḍavas) (to you (plural), upon you (plural), of you (plural))

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Can be dative, genitive, or accusative plural. Here, it means 'upon us' collectively.

आगात् (āgāt) - has come, arrived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of ā-gam

Root verb with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)