महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-210, verse-5

पञ्चवर्णः स तपसा कृतस्तैः पञ्चभिर्जनैः ।
पाञ्चजन्यः श्रुतो वेदे पञ्चवंशकरस्तु सः ॥५॥

5. pañcavarṇaḥ sa tapasā kṛtastaiḥ pañcabhirjanaiḥ ,
pāñcajanyaḥ śruto vede pañcavaṁśakarastu saḥ.

5. pañcavarṇaḥ sa tapasā kṛtaḥ taiḥ pañcabhiḥ janaiḥ
pāñcajanyaḥ śrutaḥ vede pañcavaṃśakaraḥ tu saḥ

5. He, who is five-colored, was created by the asceticism (tapas) of those five people. He is known in the Veda as Pāñcajanya and is indeed the progenitor of the five races.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्चवर्णः (pañcavarṇaḥ) - five-colored, having five castes/classes

• स (sa) - he, that

• तपसा (tapasā) - by the spiritual fervor (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, done, created

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by men

• पाञ्चजन्यः (pāñcajanyaḥ) - Pāñcajanya (a proper name for the being described) (Pāñcajanya (born of the five races/tribes))

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard, known, famous

• वेदे (vede) - in the Veda

• पञ्चवंशकरः (pañcavaṁśakaraḥ) - progenitor of the five races/families

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्चवर्णः (pañcavarṇaḥ) - five-colored, having five castes/classes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcavarṇa

pañcavarṇa - five-colored, having five castes/classes

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pañca+varṇa)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• varṇa – color, caste, class, letter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (referring to Pāñcajanya).

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the progenitor Pāñcajanya.

तपसा (tapasā) - by the spiritual fervor (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, spiritual fervor, heat

Note: Indicates the means by which 'he' was created.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, done, created

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'pañcabhiḥ janaiḥ'.

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'janaiḥ'.

जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people

Note: Agents of the creation.

पाञ्चजन्यः (pāñcajanyaḥ) - Pāñcajanya (a proper name for the being described) (Pāñcajanya (born of the five races/tribes))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāñcajanya

pāñcajanya - born of the five tribes, belonging to the five peoples, Krishna's conch shell (metaphorically the source of sound/creation for the five classes)

Derived from pañcajana (five people)

Note: Subject of the sentence in this clause.

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard, known, famous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, revealed, known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāñcajanyaḥ'.

वेदे (vede) - in the Veda

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Indicates the source of knowledge.

पञ्चवंशकरः (pañcavaṁśakaraḥ) - progenitor of the five races/families

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcavaṃśakara

pañcavaṁśakara - progenitor of the five races/families

Compound type : tatpurusha (pañca+vaṃśa+kara)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• vaṃśa – race, lineage, family, bamboo
  noun (masculine)
• kara – maker, doer, causing, hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  Suffix -kara derived from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative, describing 'saḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Reinforces the subject, Pāñcajanya.