महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-210, verse-19

रथंतरश्च तपसः पुत्रोऽग्निः परिपठ्यते ।
मित्रविन्दाय वै तस्य हविरध्वर्यवो विदुः ।
मुमुदे परमप्रीतः सह पुत्रैर्महायशाः ॥१९॥

19. rathaṁtaraśca tapasaḥ putro'gniḥ paripaṭhyate ,
mitravindāya vai tasya haviradhvaryavo viduḥ ,
mumude paramaprītaḥ saha putrairmahāyaśāḥ.

19. rathantaraḥ ca tapasaḥ putraḥ agniḥ
paripaṭhyate mitravindāya vai
tasya haviḥ adhvaryavaḥ viduḥ mumude
paramaprītaḥ saha putraiḥ mahāyaśāḥ

19. And Rathantara, the son of (the sage) Tapas, is proclaimed as Agni. Indeed, the Adhvaryu priests know his offering (havis) for Mitravinda. The highly renowned (Mitravinda), greatly pleased, rejoiced with his sons.

Words meanings summery:

• रथन्तरः (rathantaraḥ) - Rathantara (a prominent Vedic chant, often personified) (Rathantara (name of a famous sāman or sacred chant))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of (the sage) Tapas (of Tapas (asceticism), of heat)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - the deity Agni, or identified with Agni (fire, ritual fire, Agni (the deity))

• परिपठ्यते (paripaṭhyate) - is proclaimed/understood (to be) (is recited, is proclaimed, is understood)

• मित्रविन्दाय (mitravindāya) - for Mitravinda (a proper name)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Rathantara or Agni, implying Agni as the recipient) (his, of that)

• हविः (haviḥ) - the ritual offering (oblation, offering)

• अध्वर्यवः (adhvaryavaḥ) - the officiating Adhvaryu priests (Adhvaryu priests)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know (about the offering) (they know)

• मुमुदे (mumude) - he (Mitravinda) rejoiced (he rejoiced, he was pleased)

• परमप्रीतः (paramaprītaḥ) - greatly pleased, extremely delighted

• सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

• पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - with sons

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - the highly renowned one (Mitravinda) (greatly glorious, highly renowned)

Words meanings and morphology

रथन्तरः (rathantaraḥ) - Rathantara (a prominent Vedic chant, often personified) (Rathantara (name of a famous sāman or sacred chant))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathantara

rathantara - name of a famous Sāman (Vedic chant), one of the principal Sāmans

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of (the sage) Tapas (of Tapas (asceticism), of heat)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, penance, religious austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

अग्निः (agniḥ) - the deity Agni, or identified with Agni (fire, ritual fire, Agni (the deity))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, sacrificial fire, the god Agni

Note: Predicate nominative to Rathantara.

परिपठ्यते (paripaṭhyate) - is proclaimed/understood (to be) (is recited, is proclaimed, is understood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of paripaṭh

Present passive indicative, 3rd person singular

Prefix: pari

Root: paṭh (class 1)

मित्रविन्दाय (mitravindāya) - for Mitravinda (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of mitravinda

mitravinda - Mitravinda (name of a king or mythological figure)

Note: 'For Mitravinda' in the context of offerings.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Rathantara or Agni, implying Agni as the recipient) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, his

Note: Refers back to Agni.

हविः (haviḥ) - the ritual offering (oblation, offering)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of havis

havis - oblation, offering, ghee

Note: It is the object of 'viduḥ' (know).

अध्वर्यवः (adhvaryavaḥ) - the officiating Adhvaryu priests (Adhvaryu priests)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhvaryu

adhvaryu - a class of priests who officiate at sacrifices, particularly responsible for the practical execution

Note: Subject of 'viduḥ'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know (about the offering) (they know)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present active indicative, 3rd person plural (or Perfect active indicative, 3rd person plural from cl. 2 verb)

Root: vid (class 2)

मुमुदे (mumude) - he (Mitravinda) rejoiced (he rejoiced, he was pleased)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of mud

Perfect middle indicative, 3rd person singular

Root: mud (class 1)

परमप्रीतः (paramaprītaḥ) - greatly pleased, extremely delighted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramaprīta

paramaprīta - greatly pleased, extremely delighted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+prīta)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, great
  adjective (masculine)
• prīta – pleased, delighted, satisfied
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prī (to please, to love)
  Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject of 'mumude' (Mitravinda/mahāyaśāḥ).

सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - with sons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Governed by 'saha'.

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - the highly renowned one (Mitravinda) (greatly glorious, highly renowned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - greatly glorious, highly renowned, famous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• yaśas – fame, glory, renown
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject of 'mumude'.

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