महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-207, verse-18

ज्ञात्वा प्रथमजं तं तु वह्नेराङ्गिरसं सुतम् ।
उपेत्य देवाः पप्रच्छुः कारणं तत्र भारत ॥१८॥

18. jñātvā prathamajaṁ taṁ tu vahnerāṅgirasaṁ sutam ,
upetya devāḥ papracchuḥ kāraṇaṁ tatra bhārata.

18. jñātvā prathamajam tam tu vahneḥ āṅgirasam sutam
upetya devāḥ papracchuḥ kāraṇam tatra bhārata

18. Having recognized him, the first-born son of Agni (Vahni), as an Aṅgirasa, the gods approached him and asked the reason (kāraṇa) for that, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having recognized, having understood

• प्रथमजम् (prathamajam) - first-born, eldest

• तम् (tam) - referring to the first-born son (him, that (masculine))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वह्नेः (vahneḥ) - of Agni, of Vahni, of fire

• आङ्गिरसम् (āṅgirasam) - referring to the son as belonging to the lineage of Angiras (who is Agni in disguise) (relating to Angiras, an Angirasa)

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having come near

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• पप्रच्छुः (papracchuḥ) - asked, inquired

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause, motive

• तत्र (tatra) - in that specific situation or concerning that person (there, in that matter)

• भारत (bhārata) - vocative address to King Janamejaya (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having recognized, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with suffix -tvā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रथमजम् (prathamajam) - first-born, eldest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prathamaja

prathamaja - first-born, eldest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prathama+ja)

• prathama – first, foremost, principal
  adjective (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

तम् (tam) - referring to the first-born son (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

वह्नेः (vahneḥ) - of Agni, of Vahni, of fire

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vahni

vahni - fire, Agni, god of fire

Root: vah

आङ्गिरसम् (āṅgirasam) - referring to the son as belonging to the lineage of Angiras (who is Agni in disguise) (relating to Angiras, an Angirasa)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āṅgirasa

āṅgirasa - descendant of Angiras; relating to Angiras

Derived from 'aṅgiras'.

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring, produced, born

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sū' (to beget, produce).

Root: sū (class 2)

उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having come near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'upa' and suffix -tya.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

Root: div

पप्रच्छुः (papracchuḥ) - asked, inquired

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of papracchuḥ

Perfect

Root 'prach' (to ask) in perfect tense, 3rd person plural active.

Root: prach (class 6)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause, motive

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - reason, cause, motive, instrument

Root: kṛ

तत्र (tatra) - in that specific situation or concerning that person (there, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - vocative address to King Janamejaya (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata