महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-138, verse-11

तथा कल्याणशीलस्त्वं ब्राह्मणेषु महात्मसु ।
अनागाः सर्वभूतेषु कर्कशत्वमुपेयिवान् ॥११॥

11. tathā kalyāṇaśīlastvaṁ brāhmaṇeṣu mahātmasu ,
anāgāḥ sarvabhūteṣu karkaśatvamupeyivān.

11. tathā kalyāṇaśīlaḥ tvam brāhmaṇeṣu mahātmasu
anāgāḥ sarvabhūteṣu karkaśatvam upeyivān

11. How is it that you, who are of such a benevolent nature and faultless towards all beings, including great-souled Brahmins, have come to adopt harshness?

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - in that manner (referring to his good character) (thus, so, in that manner)

• कल्याणशीलः (kalyāṇaśīlaḥ) - of benevolent nature (virtuous, benevolent, of good character, auspicious-natured)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (referring to the interlocutor) (you)

• ब्राह्मणेषु (brāhmaṇeṣu) - towards Brahmins (among Brahmins, in Brahmins)

• महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among great-souled Brahmins (among great-souled ones, noble ones)

• अनागाः (anāgāḥ) - blameless (faultless, blameless, innocent)

• सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - towards all beings (among all beings, towards all creatures)

• कर्कशत्वम् (karkaśatvam) - harshness (harshness, cruelty, severity)

• उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - having adopted, having resorted to (having attained, having approached, having resorted to)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - in that manner (referring to his good character) (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

कल्याणशीलः (kalyāṇaśīlaḥ) - of benevolent nature (virtuous, benevolent, of good character, auspicious-natured)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kalyāṇaśīla

kalyāṇaśīla - virtuous, benevolent, auspicious-natured

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kalyāṇa+śīla)

• kalyāṇa – welfare, good, auspicious, virtuous
  noun (neuter)
• śīla – nature, character, habit, conduct
  noun (neuter)

Note: In agreement with 'tvam'

त्वम् (tvam) - you (referring to the interlocutor) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

ब्राह्मणेषु (brāhmaṇeṣu) - towards Brahmins (among Brahmins, in Brahmins)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, relating to Brahman, a member of the priestly class

From 'brahman' + 'aṇ' suffix

Note: Often implies 'among' or 'with respect to' when used with qualities.

महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among great-souled Brahmins (among great-souled ones, noble ones)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent, a great (ātman)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: In agreement with 'brāhmaṇeṣu'

अनागाः (anāgāḥ) - blameless (faultless, blameless, innocent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anāgas

anāgas - faultless, blameless, innocent

Compound type : Nī-Tatpuruṣa (a+āgas)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• āgas – fault, offense, sin
  noun (neuter)

Note: In agreement with 'tvam'

सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - towards all beings (among all beings, towards all creatures)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past, happened
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

कर्कशत्वम् (karkaśatvam) - harshness (harshness, cruelty, severity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karkaśatva

karkaśatva - harshness, roughness, cruelty

Derived from 'karkaśa' (harsh) + 'tva' (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Object of 'upeyivān'.

उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - having adopted, having resorted to (having attained, having approached, having resorted to)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upa-i

upa-i - to approach, attain, resort to, undergo

Perfect Active Participle

From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'upa-'

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'tvam'.