महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-138, verse-10

ब्राह्मणानां किलार्थाय ननु त्वं तप्तवांस्तपः ।
द्विजानामनधीता वै वेदाः संप्रतिभान्त्विति ॥१०॥

10. brāhmaṇānāṁ kilārthāya nanu tvaṁ taptavāṁstapaḥ ,
dvijānāmanadhītā vai vedāḥ saṁpratibhāntviti.

10. brāhmaṇānāṃ kila arthāya nanu tvaṃ taptavān tapaḥ
dvijānām anadhītā vai vedāḥ saṃpratibhāntu iti

10. Lomasha said: Bharadvaja, greatly distressed, after hearing that unpleasant speech from the Śūdra and taking his lifeless son, lamented, 'Surely, for the sake of the Brahmins, you performed severe austerities (tapas) with the intention that the unstudied Vedas of the twice-born (dvijas) might indeed become clearly understood!'

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणानां (brāhmaṇānāṁ) - of the Brahmins

• किल (kila) - indeed (emphasizes) (indeed, it is said, reputedly, as if)

• अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of (for the purpose of, for the sake of, for the benefit of)

• ननु (nanu) - surely (surely? isn't it so? indeed)

• त्वं (tvaṁ) - you (Bharadvaja's son) (you)

• तप्तवान् (taptavān) - performed (austerities) (performed austerities, heated, burned)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - severe austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of the twice-born (dvijas) (of the twice-born)

• अनधीता (anadhītā) - unstudied (unstudied, unread, not learned)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly)

• वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas (the Vedas, sacred knowledge)

• संप्रतिभान्तु (saṁpratibhāntu) - might indeed become clearly understood / manifest (may they shine forth, may they become manifest, may they appear clearly)

• इति (iti) - (closing a quote) (thus, in this manner, that (introduces or closes a quote))

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणानां (brāhmaṇānāṁ) - of the Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

Root: brahman

Note: Connected to `arthāya`.

किल (kila) - indeed (emphasizes) (indeed, it is said, reputedly, as if)

(indeclinable)

अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of (for the purpose of, for the sake of, for the benefit of)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, object, meaning, wealth, for the sake of

Root: ṛ (class 1)

ननु (nanu) - surely (surely? isn't it so? indeed)

(indeclinable)

त्वं (tvaṁ) - you (Bharadvaja's son) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular or plural)

Note: Subject of `taptavān`.

तप्तवान् (taptavān) - performed (austerities) (performed austerities, heated, burned)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of taptavat

taptavat - performed austerities, heated, burned, practiced severe penance

Past Active Participle

Derived from root tap with suffix -ktavat.

Root: tap (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - severe austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, fervent devotion

Root: tap (class 1)

द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of the twice-born (dvijas) (of the twice-born)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (refers to Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas after initiation), a bird, a tooth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  suffixial noun (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root jan 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'vedāḥ' as belonging to the dvijas.

अनधीता (anadhītā) - unstudied (unstudied, unread, not learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anadhīta

anadhīta - unstudied, unread, not learned, untaught

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negation 'an-' + 'adhīta' (studied, learned). 'Adhīta' is PPP of root i with upasarga adhi-.

Compound type : nah-tatpuruṣa (an+adhīta)

• an – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix (before vowel)
• adhīta – studied, learned, read
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root i + adhi- + kta
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas (the Vedas, sacred knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - sacred knowledge, the Vedas (Rgveda, Yajurveda, Sāmaveda, Atharvaveda)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of `saṃpratibhāntu`.

संप्रतिभान्तु (saṁpratibhāntu) - might indeed become clearly understood / manifest (may they shine forth, may they become manifest, may they appear clearly)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of saṃpratibhā

Imperative

Root bhā with upasargas sam- and prati-. 3rd person plural imperative.

Prefixes: sam+prati

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: The object of the wish for the `tapas`.

इति (iti) - (closing a quote) (thus, in this manner, that (introduces or closes a quote))

(indeclinable)

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