महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-138, verse-9

लोमश उवाच ।
भरद्वाजस्तु शूद्रस्य तच्छ्रुत्वा विप्रियं वचः ।
गतासुं पुत्रमादाय विललाप सुदुःखितः ॥९॥

9. lomaśa uvāca ,
bharadvājastu śūdrasya tacchrutvā vipriyaṁ vacaḥ ,
gatāsuṁ putramādāya vilalāpa suduḥkhitaḥ.

9. lomaśaḥ uvāca bharadvājaḥ tu śūdrasya tat śrutvā
vipriyaṃ vacaḥ gatāsuṃ putram ādāya vilalāpa suduḥkhitaḥ

9. Lomasha said: Bharadvaja, greatly distressed, upon hearing that unpleasant speech from the Śūdra, took his lifeless son and lamented.

Words meanings summery:

• लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - Lomasha (Lomasha (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - Bharadvaja (Bharadvaja (name of a sage))

• तु (tu) - indeed (particle for transition) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

• शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of the Śūdra (of the Śūdra, belonging to the Śūdra)

• तत् (tat) - that (unpleasant speech) (that, this, it)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

• विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - speech (word, speech, saying)

• गतासुं (gatāsuṁ) - lifeless (lifeless, dead, whose life has departed)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (son)

• आदाय (ādāya) - taking (having taken, taking, receiving)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented (he lamented, he wept, he cried out)

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, very sorrowful, much pained)

Words meanings and morphology

लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - Lomasha (Lomasha (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - hairy; name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - Bharadvaja (Bharadvaja (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - Bharadvaja (name of an ancient sage, one of the Saptarishis)

Note: Subject of `vilalāpa`.

तु (tu) - indeed (particle for transition) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of the Śūdra (of the Śūdra, belonging to the Śūdra)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth social class (varna), a laborer

Note: Qualifies 'vacaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - that (unpleasant speech) (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root śru with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, hostile

Prefix 'vi-' + 'priya' (dear, pleasant).

Prefix: vi

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - speech (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

गतासुं (gatāsuṁ) - lifeless (lifeless, dead, whose life has departed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatāsu

gatāsu - lifeless, dead, whose breath/life has gone

From `gata` (gone) + `asu` (life, breath).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root gam + kta
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, life, vital spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: as (class 2)

पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Refers to Bharadvaja's son.

आदाय (ādāya) - taking (having taken, taking, receiving)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root dā with upasarga ā- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented (he lamented, he wept, he cried out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vilalāpa

Perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, very sorrowful, much pained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - greatly distressed, very sorrowful, much pained

'su-' (intensifier) + 'duḥkhita' (pained, distressed). 'Duḥkhita' is a PPP of root 'duḥkh' (to suffer).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, greatly
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• duḥkhita – pained, distressed, sorrowful
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root duḥkh + kta
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `bharadvājaḥ`.