महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-138, verse-9

लोमश उवाच ।
भरद्वाजस्तु शूद्रस्य तच्छ्रुत्वा विप्रियं वचः ।
गतासुं पुत्रमादाय विललाप सुदुःखितः ॥९॥

9. lomaśa uvāca ,
bharadvājastu śūdrasya tacchrutvā vipriyaṁ vacaḥ ,
gatāsuṁ putramādāya vilalāpa suduḥkhitaḥ.

9. lomaśaḥ uvāca bharadvājaḥ tu śūdrasya tat śrutvā
vipriyaṃ vacaḥ gatāsuṃ putram ādāya vilalāpa suduḥkhitaḥ

9. Lomasha said: Bharadvaja, greatly distressed, upon hearing that unpleasant speech from the Śūdra, took his lifeless son and lamented.

9. לוֹמַשַׁה אמר, כששמע בְּהַרַדְוָאג׳ַה את דברי השׁוּדְרַה הקשים, הוא נשא את בנו חסר החיים ונאנח בייסורים גדולים.

Words meanings summery:

• लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - Lomasha (Lomasha (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - Bharadvaja (Bharadvaja (name of a sage))

• तु (tu) - indeed (particle for transition) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

• शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of the Śūdra (of the Śūdra, belonging to the Śūdra)

• तत् (tat) - that (unpleasant speech) (that, this, it)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

• विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - speech (word, speech, saying)

• गतासुं (gatāsuṁ) - lifeless (lifeless, dead, whose life has departed)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (son)

• आदाय (ādāya) - taking (having taken, taking, receiving)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented (he lamented, he wept, he cried out)

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, very sorrowful, much pained)

Words meanings and morphology

लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - Lomasha (Lomasha (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - hairy; name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - Bharadvaja (Bharadvaja (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - Bharadvaja (name of an ancient sage, one of the Saptarishis)

Note: Subject of `vilalāpa`.

तु (tu) - indeed (particle for transition) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of the Śūdra (of the Śūdra, belonging to the Śūdra)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth social class (varna), a laborer

Note: Qualifies 'vacaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - that (unpleasant speech) (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root śru with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, hostile

Prefix 'vi-' + 'priya' (dear, pleasant).

Prefix: vi

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - speech (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

गतासुं (gatāsuṁ) - lifeless (lifeless, dead, whose life has departed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatāsu

gatāsu - lifeless, dead, whose breath/life has gone

From `gata` (gone) + `asu` (life, breath).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root gam + kta
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, life, vital spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: as (class 2)

पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Refers to Bharadvaja's son.

आदाय (ādāya) - taking (having taken, taking, receiving)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root dā with upasarga ā- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented (he lamented, he wept, he cried out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vilalāpa

Perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, very sorrowful, much pained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - greatly distressed, very sorrowful, much pained

'su-' (intensifier) + 'duḥkhita' (pained, distressed). 'Duḥkhita' is a PPP of root 'duḥkh' (to suffer).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, greatly
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• duḥkhita – pained, distressed, sorrowful
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root duḥkh + kta
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `bharadvājaḥ`.

Previous Verse Next Verse