महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-138, verse-13

यः स जानन्महातेजा वृद्धस्यैकं ममात्मजम् ।
गतवानेव कोपस्य वशं परमदुर्मतिः ॥१३॥

13. yaḥ sa jānanmahātejā vṛddhasyaikaṁ mamātmajam ,
gatavāneva kopasya vaśaṁ paramadurmatiḥ.

13. yaḥ saḥ jānan mahātejāḥ vṛddhasya ekam mama
ātmajam gatavān eva kopasya vaśam paramadurmatiḥ

13. That greatly powerful person, despite knowing that he was my only son (ātmajam), the son of an old man, certainly succumbed to the sway of anger, being exceedingly evil-minded.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Raibhya) (who, which)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Raibhya) (he, that)

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly powerful (greatly resplendent, greatly energetic, powerful)

• वृद्धस्य (vṛddhasya) - of the old man (the speaker) (of the old man, of the aged)

• एकम् (ekam) - only (one) (one, only)

• मम (mama) - my (belonging to the speaker) (my, of me)

• आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - son (son, born from oneself (ātman))

• गतवान् (gatavān) - succumbed (to anger) (having gone, went, succumbed)

• एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, certainly, only, even)

• कोपस्य (kopasya) - of anger (of anger, wrath)

• वशम् (vaśam) - the sway (power, control, will, sway)

• परमदुर्मतिः (paramadurmatiḥ) - exceedingly evil-minded (exceedingly evil-minded, very wicked, of extremely bad judgment)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Raibhya) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'saḥ' (Raibhya).

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Raibhya) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Raibhya.

जानन् (jānan) - knowing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñā

jñā - to know, understand

Present Active Participle

From root 'jñā' (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly powerful (greatly resplendent, greatly energetic, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - great energy/splendor, greatly energetic/resplendent

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, energy, power, brilliance
  noun (neuter)

वृद्धस्य (vṛddhasya) - of the old man (the speaker) (of the old man, of the aged)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker.

एकम् (ekam) - only (one) (one, only)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, only

मम (mama) - my (belonging to the speaker) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I (1st person pronoun)

Note: Possessive.

आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - son (son, born from oneself (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, daughter, born from the self (ātman)

From 'ātman' + 'ja' (born)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Agent suffix
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'jānan' (knowing).

गतवान् (gatavān) - succumbed (to anger) (having gone, went, succumbed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gam

gam - to go, move, attain, succumb

Perfect Active Participle

From root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ'.

एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, certainly, only, even)

(indeclinable)

कोपस्य (kopasya) - of anger (of anger, wrath)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury

From root 'kup' (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Possessive for 'vaśam'.

वशम् (vaśam) - the sway (power, control, will, sway)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, sway

Note: Object of 'gatavān' (went to the sway of).

परमदुर्मतिः (paramadurmatiḥ) - exceedingly evil-minded (exceedingly evil-minded, very wicked, of extremely bad judgment)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramadurmati

paramadurmati - exceedingly evil-minded, very wicked

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (parama+durmati)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, extreme
  adjective
• durmati – evil-minded, foolish, bad thought
  noun (masculine)
  From 'dus' (bad) + 'mati' (mind/thought)