महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-138, verse-17

ये तु पुत्रकृताच्छोकाद्भृशं व्याकुलचेतसः ।
शपन्तीष्टान्सखीनार्तास्तेभ्यः पापतरो नु कः ॥१७॥

17. ye tu putrakṛtācchokādbhṛśaṁ vyākulacetasaḥ ,
śapantīṣṭānsakhīnārtāstebhyaḥ pāpataro nu kaḥ.

17. ye tu putrakṛtāt śokāt bhṛśam vyākulacetasaḥ
śapanti iṣṭān sakhīn ārtāḥ tebhyaḥ pāpataraḥ nu kaḥ

17. But as for those whose minds are greatly agitated by the sorrow caused by a son, and who, distressed, curse their dear friends—who, indeed, is more sinful than they?

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those who (those who, they who)

• तु (tu) - but as for (but, indeed, yet)

• पुत्रकृतात् (putrakṛtāt) - from that caused by a son

• शोकात् (śokāt) - by the sorrow (from sorrow, from grief)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly, very much)

• व्याकुलचेतसः (vyākulacetasaḥ) - whose minds are agitated (whose minds are agitated, disturbed in mind)

• शपन्ति (śapanti) - they curse (they curse, they swear at)

• इष्टान् (iṣṭān) - dear (dear, beloved, desired)

• सखीन् (sakhīn) - friends (friends, companions)

• आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed (distressed, suffering, afflicted)

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - than them (than them, to them)

• पापतरः (pāpataraḥ) - more sinful (more sinful, more wicked)

• नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, then, now (interrogative or emphatic particle))

• कः (kaḥ) - who? (who? what?)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those who (those who, they who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but as for (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

पुत्रकृतात् (putrakṛtāt) - from that caused by a son

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of putrakṛta

putrakṛta - done by a son, caused by a son

Compound 'putra' + 'kṛta'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+kṛta)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made, caused
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'śokāt'.

शोकात् (śokāt) - by the sorrow (from sorrow, from grief)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Expresses cause ("by" or "from").

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly, very much)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vyākula'.

व्याकुलचेतसः (vyākulacetasaḥ) - whose minds are agitated (whose minds are agitated, disturbed in mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyākulacetas

vyākulacetas - agitated in mind, disturbed in mind

Compound 'vyākula' + 'cetas'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyākula+cetas)

• vyākula – agitated, confused, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  from 'vi' + 'ā' + root 'kul'
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)
• cetas – mind, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Qualifies "ye".

शपन्ति (śapanti) - they curse (they curse, they swear at)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śap

Present Tense, Parasamaipada

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Verb for "ye".

इष्टान् (iṣṭān) - dear (dear, beloved, desired)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, dear, beloved

Past Passive Participle

from root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies "sakhīn".

सखीन् (sakhīn) - friends (friends, companions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

Note: Object of 'śapanti'.

आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed (distressed, suffering, afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering

Past Passive Participle

from root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) with 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies "ye".

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - than them (than them, to them)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Used in comparison ("than").

पापतरः (pāpataraḥ) - more sinful (more sinful, more wicked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpatara

pāpatara - more sinful, more wicked

Comparative degree of 'pāpa'

Note: Predicate adjective.

नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, then, now (interrogative or emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle in a rhetorical question.

कः (kaḥ) - who? (who? what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.