महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-138, verse-16

सुखिनो वै नरा येषां जात्या पुत्रो न विद्यते ।
ते पुत्रशोकमप्राप्य विचरन्ति यथासुखम् ॥१६॥

16. sukhino vai narā yeṣāṁ jātyā putro na vidyate ,
te putraśokamaprāpya vicaranti yathāsukham.

16. sukhinaḥ vai narāḥ yeṣām jātyā putraḥ na vidyate
te putraśokam aprāpya vicaranti yathāsukham

16. Indeed, happy are those men who have no son by birth. Not experiencing the grief over a son, they wander about as they wish.

Words meanings summery:

• सुखिनः (sukhinaḥ) - happy (happy, joyful, blissful)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly (particle))

• नराः (narāḥ) - men (men, human beings)

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (of whom, whose)

• जात्या (jātyā) - by birth (by birth, by nature, by origin)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son, offspring)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - is present, exists (is found, exists, is present)

• ते (te) - they (they, those)

• पुत्रशोकम् (putraśokam) - the grief over a son (sorrow for a son, son-grief)

• अप्राप्य (aprāpya) - not experiencing (not having obtained, without reaching, not experiencing)

• विचरन्ति (vicaranti) - they wander about (they wander about, they roam, they move around)

• यथासुखम् (yathāsukham) - as they wish (as one wishes, according to pleasure, comfortably)

Words meanings and morphology

सुखिनः (sukhinaḥ) - happy (happy, joyful, blissful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, possessing happiness

Suffix -in added to sukha

Note: Qualifies "narāḥ".

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly (particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नराः (narāḥ) - men (men, human beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human, person

येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (of whom, whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relates to "narāḥ".

जात्या (jātyā) - by birth (by birth, by nature, by origin)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, species, class, nature

Root: jan (class 4)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

विद्यते (vidyate) - is present, exists (is found, exists, is present)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Tense, Ātmanepada, from root 'vid' (to be, exist)

Root: vid (class 4)

ते (te) - they (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers back to "narāḥ".

पुत्रशोकम् (putraśokam) - the grief over a son (sorrow for a son, son-grief)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putraśoka

putraśoka - son-grief, sorrow for a son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+śoka)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of 'aprāpya'.

अप्राप्य (aprāpya) - not experiencing (not having obtained, without reaching, not experiencing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Negative prefix 'a' + 'pra' + root 'āp' + suffix '-ya'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+prāpya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• prāpya – having obtained, having reached
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (gerund)
  from 'pra' + root 'āp' + suffix '-ya'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Negative gerund.

विचरन्ति (vicaranti) - they wander about (they wander about, they roam, they move around)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of car

Present Tense, Parasamaipada

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: With upasarga 'vi'.

यथासुखम् (yathāsukham) - as they wish (as one wishes, according to pleasure, comfortably)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+sukha)

• yathā – as, just as
  indeclinable
• sukha – happiness, pleasure, comfort
  noun (neuter)

Note: Avyayībhāva compound used adverbially.