महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-130, verse-20

ऊरुं राज्ञः समासाद्य कपोतः श्येनजाद्भयात् ।
शरणार्थी तदा राजन्निलिल्ये भयपीडितः ॥२०॥

20. ūruṁ rājñaḥ samāsādya kapotaḥ śyenajādbhayāt ,
śaraṇārthī tadā rājannililye bhayapīḍitaḥ.

20. ūrum rājñaḥ samāsādya kapotaḥ śyenajāt bhayāt
śaraṇārthī tadā rājan nililye bhayapīḍitaḥ

20. O king, then the pigeon, seeking refuge and afflicted by fear, having reached the king's thigh, hid itself from the fear caused by the hawk.

20. הו מלך, היונה, מוכת פחד מן הנץ ומבקשת מחסה, התחבאה אז בירכו של המלך.

Words meanings summery:

• ऊरुम् (ūrum) - the thigh (thigh)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Uśīnara) (of the king)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

• कपोतः (kapotaḥ) - the pigeon (pigeon, dove)

• श्येनजात् (śyenajāt) - from the hawk (from that born of a hawk, from a hawk (adj. or ablative))

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

• शरणार्थी (śaraṇārthī) - seeking refuge (seeking refuge, refugee)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• निलिल्ये (nililye) - hid itself (hid itself, took refuge, dissolved)

• भयपीडितः (bhayapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by fear (afflicted by fear, fear-stricken)

Words meanings and morphology

ऊरुम् (ūrum) - the thigh (thigh)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ūru

ūru - thigh

Note: Object of 'samāsādya'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Uśīnara) (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Possessive, modifying 'ūrum'.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (lyap)

Absolutive of sam-ā-√sad

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Connects preceding action to subsequent main verb.

कपोतः (kapotaḥ) - the pigeon (pigeon, dove)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapota

kapota - pigeon, dove

श्येनजात् (śyenajāt) - from the hawk (from that born of a hawk, from a hawk (adj. or ablative))

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śyenaja

śyenaja - born from a hawk, hawk-born

Compound of śyena (hawk) and ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śyena+ja)

• śyena – hawk, falcon
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'bhayāt'.

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

Derived from root √bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Cause of the pigeon's action.

शरणार्थी (śaraṇārthī) - seeking refuge (seeking refuge, refugee)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaraṇārthin

śaraṇārthin - seeking refuge, supplicant, refugee

Compound of śaraṇa (refuge) and arthin (desiring, seeking).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaraṇa+arthin)

• śaraṇa – refuge, shelter, protection
  noun (neuter)
• arthin – desiring, wishing, asking for
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from artha (purpose, object) + in (suffix).

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad + dā suffix.

राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressing the listener.

निलिल्ये (nililye) - hid itself (hid itself, took refuge, dissolved)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of lī

Perfect, Middle Voice

Perfect, 3rd person singular, middle voice of ni-√lī

Prefix: ni

Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Action performed by the pigeon.

भयपीडितः (bhayapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by fear (afflicted by fear, fear-stricken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhayapīḍita

bhayapīḍita - afflicted with fear, fear-stricken, terror-struck

Past Passive Participle in a compound

Compound of bhaya (fear) and pīḍita (afflicted, tormented, past participle of √pīḍ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+pīḍita)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root √pīḍ (to oppress, torment).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

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