महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-130, verse-1

लोमश उवाच ।
इह मर्त्यास्तपस्तप्त्वा स्वर्गं गच्छन्ति भारत ।
मर्तुकामा नरा राजन्निहायान्ति सहस्रशः ॥१॥

1. lomaśa uvāca ,
iha martyāstapastaptvā svargaṁ gacchanti bhārata ,
martukāmā narā rājannihāyānti sahasraśaḥ.

1. lomaśa uvāca iha martyāḥ tapaḥ taptvā svargam gacchanti
bhārata martukāmāḥ narāḥ rājan iha āyānti sahasraśaḥ

1. Lomasha said: "Here, O Bharata, mortals perform austerities (tapas) and go to heaven. O King, thousands of people desiring to die come here."

Words meanings summery:

• लोमश (lomaśa) - the sage Lomasha (Lomasha)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• इह (iha) - here (in this place/world) (here, in this world, at this place)

• मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals (mortals, human beings)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed austerities (having heated, having performed austerities)

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, celestial world)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go (they go, they move)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (an address to Yudhishthira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

• मर्तुकामाः (martukāmāḥ) - desiring to die (desirous of dying, wishing to die)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative address) (O king)

• इह (iha) - here (to this place) (here, in this world, at this place)

• आयान्ति (āyānti) - they come (they come, they approach)

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands (by thousands, in thousands)

Words meanings and morphology

लोमश (lomaśa) - the sage Lomasha (Lomasha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - Lomasha (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

इह (iha) - here (in this place/world) (here, in this world, at this place)

(indeclinable)

मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals (mortals, human beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of martya

martya - mortal, human being

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - religious austerity, penance, heat

तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed austerities (having heated, having performed austerities)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from √tap.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Forms an absolutive, hence indeclinable.

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, celestial world)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial abode

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go (they go, they move)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice of √gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (an address to Yudhishthira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

मर्तुकामाः (martukāmāḥ) - desiring to die (desirous of dying, wishing to die)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of martukāma

martukāma - desirous of dying

Compound: martu (desire to die, from desiderative of √mṛ) + kāma (desire)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (martu+kāma)

• martu – to die, death (desire of)
  noun (masculine)
  Desiderative derivative
  From √mṛ (to die), desiderative formation.
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as a substantive here.

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative address) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

इह (iha) - here (to this place) (here, in this world, at this place)

(indeclinable)

आयान्ति (āyānti) - they come (they come, they approach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice of √i with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands (by thousands, in thousands)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -śaḥ indicating 'in numbers of'.