महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-109, verse-3

वाचो यत्राभवन्मेघा उपलाश्च सहस्रशः ।
नाशक्नुवंस्तमारोढुं विषण्णमनसो जनाः ॥३॥

3. vāco yatrābhavanmeghā upalāśca sahasraśaḥ ,
nāśaknuvaṁstamāroḍhuṁ viṣaṇṇamanaso janāḥ.

3. vācaḥ yatra abhavan meghāḥ upalāḥ ca sahasraśaḥ
na aśaknuvan tam āroḍhum viṣaṇṇamanasaḥ janāḥ

3. Where voices transformed into clouds and stones appeared by the thousands, people with dejected minds were unable to ascend it.

Words meanings summery:

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - The sounds or utterances. (voices, words, speeches)

• यत्र (yatra) - Referring to the location, the mountain. (where, in which, when)

• अभवन् (abhavan) - Voices becoming clouds. (became, were, existed)

• मेघाः (meghāḥ) - The form that voices took on. (clouds)

• उपलाः (upalāḥ) - Refers to the physical rocks present. (stones, rocks)

• च (ca) - Connects "voices" and "stones". (and)

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - Modifies 'upalāḥ' (stones). (by thousands, in thousands)

• न (na) - Negates the ability to ascend. (not, no)

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - People were unable to climb the mountain. (were not able, could not)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the mountain (Hemakūṭa). (him, it)

• आरोढुम् (āroḍhum) - The action that people were unable to perform. (to ascend, to climb)

• विषण्णमनसः (viṣaṇṇamanasaḥ) - Describes the state of the people who could not climb. (dejected in mind, dispirited, sad-minded)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - The general populace or visitors who tried to climb the mountain. (people, persons)

Words meanings and morphology

वाचः (vācaḥ) - The sounds or utterances. (voices, words, speeches)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, sound

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'abhavan'.

यत्र (yatra) - Referring to the location, the mountain. (where, in which, when)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial locative.

अभवन् (abhavan) - Voices becoming clouds. (became, were, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'vācaḥ' and 'upalāḥ'.

मेघाः (meghāḥ) - The form that voices took on. (clouds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud, rain-cloud

Root: megh (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'vācaḥ'.

उपलाः (upalāḥ) - Refers to the physical rocks present. (stones, rocks)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upala

upala - stone, rock, gem

Note: Subject of implied 'abhavan' or verb 'as'.

च (ca) - Connects "voices" and "stones". (and)

(indeclinable)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - Modifies 'upalāḥ' (stones). (by thousands, in thousands)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sahasra' (thousand) with suffix '-śas' (distributive)

Note: Modifies the quantity of stones.

न (na) - Negates the ability to ascend. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - People were unable to climb the mountain. (were not able, could not)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

तम् (tam) - Refers to the mountain (Hemakūṭa). (him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of the infinitive 'āroḍhum'.

आरोढुम् (āroḍhum) - The action that people were unable to perform. (to ascend, to climb)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root 'ruh' (to grow, ascend) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose or potential.

विषण्णमनसः (viṣaṇṇamanasaḥ) - Describes the state of the people who could not climb. (dejected in mind, dispirited, sad-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣaṇṇamanas

viṣaṇṇamanas - dejected in mind, dispirited

Compound: viṣaṇṇa (dejected) + manas (mind)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viṣaṇṇa+manas)

• viṣaṇṇa – dejected, depressed, despondent
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'sad' with prefix 'vi'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'janāḥ'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - The general populace or visitors who tried to climb the mountain. (people, persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'aśaknuvan'.