महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-109, verse-20

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततस्तत्र समाप्लुत्य गात्राणि सगणो नृपः ।
जगाम कौशिकीं पुण्यां रम्यां शिवजलां नदीम् ॥२०॥

20. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tatastatra samāplutya gātrāṇi sagaṇo nṛpaḥ ,
jagāma kauśikīṁ puṇyāṁ ramyāṁ śivajalāṁ nadīm.

20. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ tatra samāplutya gātrāṇi sagaṇaḥ
nṛpaḥ jagāma kauśikīm puṇyām ramyām śivajalām nadīm

20. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, having bathed his limbs there with his retinue, the king went to the sacred, beautiful, and auspicious-watered Kauśikī river.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• तत्र (tatra) - refers to the location where the previous actions or intentions occurred (the tīrtha mentioned in previous verses) (there, in that place)

• समाप्लुत्य (samāplutya) - having bathed, having immersed

• गात्राणि (gātrāṇi) - limbs, body parts

• सगणः (sagaṇaḥ) - refers to the king (nṛpaḥ) being accompanied (accompanied by his retinue/group)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - The king being spoken of, likely Yudhiṣṭhira (king, monarch)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he proceeded

• कौशिकीम् (kauśikīm) - to the Kauśikī (river)

• पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - sacred, holy, meritorious, auspicious

• रम्याम् (ramyām) - beautiful, delightful, charming, pleasant

• शिवजलाम् (śivajalām) - whose waters are auspicious/pure

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a celebrated sage, a pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - refers to the location where the previous actions or intentions occurred (the tīrtha mentioned in previous verses) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

समाप्लुत्य (samāplutya) - having bathed, having immersed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

absolutive form with prefixes 'sam' + 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

गात्राणि (gātrāṇi) - limbs, body parts

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of gātra

gātra - limb, body part, body

Note: Direct object of `samāplutya` (implied `samāplāvyā` - having bathed them).

सगणः (sagaṇaḥ) - refers to the king (nṛpaḥ) being accompanied (accompanied by his retinue/group)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sagaṇa

sagaṇa - accompanied by a retinue/group, with attendants

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+gaṇa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix 'sa' meaning 'with'
• gaṇa – group, multitude, retinue, host
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `nṛpaḥ`.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - The king being spoken of, likely Yudhiṣṭhira (king, monarch)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'pā' (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of `jagāma`.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd singular

Root: gam (class 1)

कौशिकीम् (kauśikīm) - to the Kauśikī (river)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kauśikī

kauśikī - name of a river (also a name of Durgā, or a female descendant of Kuśika)

Note: Object of `jagāma`.

पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - sacred, holy, meritorious, auspicious

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - sacred, holy, pure, meritorious, virtuous, auspicious

Note: Agrees with `kauśikīm` and `nadīm`.

रम्याम् (ramyām) - beautiful, delightful, charming, pleasant

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ramya

ramya - beautiful, delightful, charming, pleasant

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ram' (to delight) + ṇyat suffix

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `kauśikīm` and `nadīm`.

शिवजलाम् (śivajalām) - whose waters are auspicious/pure

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śivajala

śivajala - having auspicious/pure waters

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śiva+jala)

• śiva – auspicious, propitious, benevolent, pure, Shiva (the deity)
  adjective
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `kauśikīm` and `nadīm`.

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Note: Object of `jagāma`.