महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-109, verse-13

तदा प्रभृति कौन्तेय नरा गिरिमिमं सदा ।
नाशक्नुवनभिद्रष्टुं कुत एवाधिरोहितुम् ॥१३॥

13. tadā prabhṛti kaunteya narā girimimaṁ sadā ,
nāśaknuvanabhidraṣṭuṁ kuta evādhirohitum.

13. tadā prabhṛti kaunteya narāḥ girim imam sadā
na aśaknuvan abhidraṣṭum kutaḥ eva adhirohitum

13. O son of Kunti, from that time onwards, people have never been able to gaze upon this mountain, much less to ascend it.

Words meanings summery:

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्रभृति (prabhṛti) - from that time onwards (from, since, beginning from)

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Arjuna (son of Kunti) (O son of Kunti)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

• गिरिम् (girim) - this mountain (mountain)

• इमम् (imam) - this (mountain) (this)

• सदा (sadā) - always, never (when used with 'na') (always, ever)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were not able (with 'na') (they were able)

• अभिद्रष्टुम् (abhidraṣṭum) - to fully behold (to see, to perceive, to gaze upon)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - much less, how indeed (from where, whence, how, why)

• एव (eva) - emphatic particle (with kutaḥ) (indeed, only, certainly)

• अधिरोहितुम् (adhirohitum) - to ascend (the mountain) (to ascend, to climb)

Words meanings and morphology

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from the pronominal base 'tad' (that) with the suffix '-dā' indicating time.

प्रभृति (prabhṛti) - from that time onwards (from, since, beginning from)

(indeclinable)

Derived from the root 'bhṛ' (to bear) with the prefix 'pra-', often used as an indeclinable indicating a starting point or 'since'.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Arjuna (son of Kunti) (O son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti, descendant of Kunti

Formed from 'Kuntī' with the 'ḍhak' (अ) suffix, denoting 'descendant of'.

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

गिरिम् (girim) - this mountain (mountain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

इमम् (imam) - this (mountain) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Declined as masculine accusative singular to agree with 'girim'.

सदा (sadā) - always, never (when used with 'na') (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'sa' with the suffix '-dā' indicating time.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were not able (with 'na') (they were able)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The initial 'a-' is the augment for the imperfect tense.

अभिद्रष्टुम् (abhidraṣṭum) - to fully behold (to see, to perceive, to gaze upon)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of the root 'dṛś' (to see) with the prefix 'abhi' (towards, fully).

Prefix: abhi

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - much less, how indeed (from where, whence, how, why)

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of the interrogative pronoun 'kim' (what/who) used adverbially.

एव (eva) - emphatic particle (with kutaḥ) (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

अधिरोहितुम् (adhirohitum) - to ascend (the mountain) (to ascend, to climb)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of the root 'ruh' (to grow, to ascend) with the prefix 'adhi' (on, upon, over).

Prefix: adhi

Root: ruh (class 1)