महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-57, verse-8

एकः शास्ता न द्वितीयोऽस्ति शास्ता गर्भे शयानं पुरुषं शास्ति शास्ता ।
तेनानुशिष्टः प्रवणादिवाम्भो यथा नियुक्तोऽस्मि तथा वहामि ॥८॥

8. ekaḥ śāstā na dvitīyo'sti śāstā; garbhe śayānaṁ puruṣaṁ śāsti śāstā ,
tenānuśiṣṭaḥ pravaṇādivāmbho; yathā niyukto'smi tathā vahāmi.

8. ekaḥ śāstā na dvitīyaḥ asti śāstā
garbhe śayānam puruṣam śāsti śāstā
tena anuśiṣṭaḥ pravaṇāt iva ambhaḥ
yathā niyuktaḥ asmi tathā vahāmi

8. There is only one true ruler (śāstṛ); there is no second ruler. That Ruler (śāstṛ) guides the individual (puruṣa) even while lying in the womb. Instructed by Him, I act just as water flows down a slope, according to how I have been appointed.

Words meanings summery:

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

• शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, instructor, discipliner

• न (na) - not, no

• द्वितीयः (dvitīyaḥ) - second

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, instructor, discipliner

• गर्भे (garbhe) - in the womb, in the embryo

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying, sleeping

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, individual, man

• शास्ति (śāsti) - instructs, rules, governs

• शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, instructor, discipliner

• तेन (tena) - referring to the 'śāstṛ' (ruler) (by him, by that)

• अनुशिष्टः (anuśiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, commanded

• प्रवणात् (pravaṇāt) - from a slope, from a steep place

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• अम्भः (ambhaḥ) - water

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed, commanded, engaged

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• वहामि (vahāmi) - I carry, I bear, I perform

Words meanings and morphology

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique, sole

Note: Used as a numeral adjective.

शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, instructor, discipliner

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāstṛ

śāstṛ - ruler, instructor, teacher, discipliner, master

Root: śās (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

द्वितीयः (dvitīyaḥ) - second

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second, another, a second one

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Root: as (class 2)

शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, instructor, discipliner

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāstṛ

śāstṛ - ruler, instructor, teacher, discipliner, master

Root: śās (class 2)

गर्भे (garbhe) - in the womb, in the embryo

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - womb, embryo, fetus, interior, child

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying, sleeping

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, sleeping, reposing

Present Active Participle

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣam'.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, individual, man

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, individual, cosmic person (puruṣa)

शास्ति (śāsti) - instructs, rules, governs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of śās

Root: śās (class 2)

शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, instructor, discipliner

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāstṛ

śāstṛ - ruler, instructor, teacher, discipliner, master

Root: śās (class 2)

तेन (tena) - referring to the 'śāstṛ' (ruler) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

अनुशिष्टः (anuśiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, commanded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuśiṣṭa

anuśiṣṭa - instructed, taught, commanded, directed

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'I' (asmi).

प्रवणात् (pravaṇāt) - from a slope, from a steep place

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pravaṇa

pravaṇa - slope, steep place, declivity, inclination

Prefix: pra

Root: van (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

अम्भः (ambhaḥ) - water

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ambhas

ambhas - water, fluid, sky

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed, commanded, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyukta

niyukta - appointed, enjoined, engaged, devoted, ordered

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with the subject 'I' (asmi).

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Root: as (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

वहामि (vahāmi) - I carry, I bear, I perform

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of vah

Root: vah (class 1)