महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-57, verse-18

यस्तु धर्मे पराश्वस्य हित्वा भर्तुः प्रियाप्रिये ।
अप्रियाण्याह पथ्यानि तेन राजा सहायवान् ॥१८॥

18. yastu dharme parāśvasya hitvā bhartuḥ priyāpriye ,
apriyāṇyāha pathyāni tena rājā sahāyavān.

18. yaḥ tu dharme parāśvasya hitvā bhartuḥ priyā
apriye apriyāṇi āha pathyāni tena rājā sahāyavān

18. The king finds a true helper in that person who, being steadfast in (his) natural law (dharma) and disregarding the master's personal likes and dislikes, speaks words that are unpleasant yet beneficial (pathya).

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, who

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• धर्मे (dharme) - in duty (dharma), in natural law (dharma), in righteousness (dharma)

• पराश्वस्य (parāśvasya) - of one who trusts/relies (on), of one who is steadfast (in)

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having given up, having left aside

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the master, of the lord

• प्रिया (priyā) - part of the dvandva compound `priyāpriye` (pleasing and unpleasing things) (pleasing things)

• अप्रिये (apriye) - part of the dvandva compound `priyāpriye` (pleasing and unpleasing things) (unpleasant things)

• अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - unpleasant things, disagreeable matters

• आह (āha) - speaks, says

• पथ्यानि (pathyāni) - beneficial things, wholesome advice

• तेन (tena) - by him

• राजा (rājā) - king

• सहायवान् (sahāyavān) - having a helper, assisted, supported, having a friend

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

धर्मे (dharme) - in duty (dharma), in natural law (dharma), in righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion

पराश्वस्य (parāśvasya) - of one who trusts/relies (on), of one who is steadfast (in)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of parāśva

parāśva - one who trusts/relies upon (derived from `parā-śvas` meaning to trust, confide in)

Agent noun from `parā-śvas`

Implies one who places trust or reliance. Contextually, one who is steadfast in his duty.

Prefix: parā

Root: śvas (class 2)

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having given up, having left aside

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `hā` (to abandon) with suffix `-tvā`.

Root: hā (class 3)

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the master, of the lord

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - master, lord, husband, supporter

Agent noun from root `bhṛ`.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

प्रिया (priyā) - part of the dvandva compound `priyāpriye` (pleasing and unpleasing things) (pleasing things)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, dual of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable

Note: Part of the compound `priyāpriye` (pleasing and unpleasing things).

अप्रिये (apriye) - part of the dvandva compound `priyāpriye` (pleasing and unpleasing things) (unpleasant things)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, dual of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, hostile

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Part of the compound `priyāpriye` (pleasing and unpleasing things).

अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - unpleasant things, disagreeable matters

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, hostile

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)

आह (āha) - speaks, says

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular of `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

पथ्यानि (pathyāni) - beneficial things, wholesome advice

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pathya

pathya - beneficial, wholesome, salutary, fit for the way

तेन (tena) - by him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

सहायवान् (sahāyavān) - having a helper, assisted, supported, having a friend

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahāyavat

sahāyavat - having a helper, having a friend, assisted, supported

Suffix `-vat` denoting possession.