महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-57, verse-13

विदुर उवाच ।
एतावता ये पुरुषं त्यजन्ति तेषां सख्यमन्तवद्ब्रूहि राजन् ।
राज्ञां हि चित्तानि परिप्लुतानि सान्त्वं दत्त्वा मुसलैर्घातयन्ति ॥१३॥

13. vidura uvāca ,
etāvatā ye puruṣaṁ tyajanti; teṣāṁ sakhyamantavadbrūhi rājan ,
rājñāṁ hi cittāni pariplutāni; sāntvaṁ dattvā musalairghātayanti.

13. vidura uvāca etāvatā ye puruṣam
tyajanti teṣām sakhyam antavat brūhi
rājan rājñām hi cittāni pariplutāni
sāntvam dattvā musalaiḥ ghātayanti

13. Vidura said: "O King, tell me, the friendship of those who abandon a person (puruṣa) for such slight reasons is ephemeral. Indeed, the minds of kings are fickle; after offering solace, they strike with clubs."

Words meanings summery:

• विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतावता (etāvatā) - for such slight reasons (by this much, for this reason, to such an extent)

• ये (ye) - those who

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, man, male being

• त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they renounce, they leave

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship, alliance

• अन्तवत् (antavat) - ephemeral (having an end, perishable, temporary, finite)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

• चित्तानि (cittāni) - minds, thoughts, hearts

• परिप्लुतानि (pariplutāni) - fickle, unsteady, agitated, overwhelmed

• सान्त्वम् (sāntvam) - solace, conciliatory words, mildness

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• मुसलैः (musalaiḥ) - with clubs, with maces

• घातयन्ति (ghātayanti) - they cause to strike, they kill, they strike down

Words meanings and morphology

विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of Dhritarashtra's half-brother)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतावता (etāvatā) - for such slight reasons (by this much, for this reason, to such an extent)

(indeclinable)

instrumental singular of the pronominal adjective etāvat, used adverbially

Note: Used adverbially

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, man, male being

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, male; the conscious principle, spirit (in Sāṅkhya philosophy)

त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they renounce, they leave

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship, alliance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sakhya

sakhya - friendship, intimacy, alliance

अन्तवत् (antavat) - ephemeral (having an end, perishable, temporary, finite)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of antavat

antavat - having an end, perishable, temporary, finite

formed with suffix -vat (possessive) from anta (end)

Note: Agrees with sakhyam

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

(indeclinable)

चित्तानि (cittāni) - minds, thoughts, hearts

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of citta

citta - mind, thought, intellect, heart

Past Passive Participle

from cit (to perceive, think)

Root: cit (class 1)

परिप्लुतानि (pariplutāni) - fickle, unsteady, agitated, overwhelmed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of paripluta

paripluta - agitated, wavering, fickle, flooded, overwhelmed

Past Passive Participle

from pari- + plu (to float, to be agitated)

Prefix: pari

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with cittāni

सान्त्वम् (sāntvam) - solace, conciliatory words, mildness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāntva

sāntva - mildness, gentleness, conciliation, solace

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

absolutive from root dā

Root: dā (class 3)

मुसलैः (musalaiḥ) - with clubs, with maces

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of musala

musala - club, mace, pestle

घातयन्ति (ghātayanti) - they cause to strike, they kill, they strike down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of ghātaya

Causative

causative stem of root han, forming ghātaya

Root: han (class 2)