महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-57, verse-7

अहं कर्तेति विदुर मावमंस्था मा नो नित्यं परुषाणीह वोचः ।
न त्वां पृच्छामि विदुर यद्धितं मे स्वस्ति क्षत्तर्मा तितिक्षून्क्षिणु त्वम् ॥७॥

7. ahaṁ karteti vidura māvamaṁsthā; mā no nityaṁ paruṣāṇīha vocaḥ ,
na tvāṁ pṛcchāmi vidura yaddhitaṁ me; svasti kṣattarmā titikṣūnkṣiṇu tvam.

7. aham kartā iti vidura mā avamaṃsthāḥ
mā naḥ nityam paruṣāṇi iha vocaḥ na
tvām pṛcchāmi vidura yat hitam me
svasti kṣattaḥ mā titikṣūn kṣiṇu tvam

7. O Vidura, do not disrespect (me) by (thinking) 'I am the doer.' Do not always speak harsh words (paruṣāṇi) to us here. O Vidura, I am not asking you what is beneficial for me. Hail, O Kṣattar! Do not oppress those who are forbearing.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I

• कर्ता (kartā) - doer, agent

• इति (iti) - thus, so (marks quoted speech)

• विदुर (vidura) - O Vidura!

• मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive)

• अवमंस्थाः (avamaṁsthāḥ) - disrespect, despise (aorist injunctive)

• मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive)

• नः (naḥ) - us, to us

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words, rough things

• इह (iha) - here, in this place

• वोचः (vocaḥ) - speak (aorist injunctive)

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask, I inquire

• विदुर (vidura) - O Vidura!

• यत् (yat) - what, which, that

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, good, suitable

• मे (me) - for me, my, to me

• स्वस्ति (svasti) - Used as an exclamation 'Hail!' (hail, well-being, blessing)

• क्षत्तः (kṣattaḥ) - A title for Vidura, referring to his role as a chamberlain or charioteer, or his caste. (O Kṣattar!)

• मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive)

• तितिक्षून् (titikṣūn) - those who are forbearing, patient ones

• क्षिणु (kṣiṇu) - oppress, vex, destroy (imperative)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

कर्ता (kartā) - doer, agent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, creator, author

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इति (iti) - thus, so (marks quoted speech)

(indeclinable)

विदुर (vidura) - O Vidura!

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (a character in the Mahabharata, known for his wisdom)

मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive)

(indeclinable)

अवमंस्थाः (avamaṁsthāḥ) - disrespect, despise (aorist injunctive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of avaman

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - us, to us

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Can also be accusative or genitive.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words, rough things

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, rude, severe

Note: Used as a noun meaning 'harsh words'.

इह (iha) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

वोचः (vocaḥ) - speak (aorist injunctive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask, I inquire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

विदुर (vidura) - O Vidura!

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (a character in the Mahabharata, known for his wisdom)

यत् (yat) - what, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, good, suitable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, advantageous, friendly

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhā' with prefix 'hi' or as a separate root 'hi' (to send/impel)

Root: dhā (class 3)

मे (me) - for me, my, to me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Can also be genitive.

स्वस्ति (svasti) - Used as an exclamation 'Hail!' (hail, well-being, blessing)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used as a benedictory interjection.

क्षत्तः (kṣattaḥ) - A title for Vidura, referring to his role as a chamberlain or charioteer, or his caste. (O Kṣattar!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṣattṛ

kṣattṛ - charioteer, chamberlain, a man of Kṣattṛ caste, protector

मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive)

(indeclinable)

तितिक्षून् (titikṣūn) - those who are forbearing, patient ones

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of titikṣu

titikṣu - forbearing, patient, enduring, tolerant

Desiderative nominalization

Derived from the desiderative stem of root 'tij' (to endure) or 'sah' (to bear).

Root: tij

Note: Used as a noun, 'the forbearing ones'.

क्षिणु (kṣiṇu) - oppress, vex, destroy (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṣi

Root: kṣi (class 5)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you