महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-29, verse-9

शूद्राभीरगणाश्चैव ये चाश्रित्य सरस्वतीम् ।
वर्तयन्ति च ये मत्स्यैर्ये च पर्वतवासिनः ॥९॥

9. śūdrābhīragaṇāścaiva ye cāśritya sarasvatīm ,
vartayanti ca ye matsyairye ca parvatavāsinaḥ.

9. śūdrābhīragaṇāḥ ca eva ye ca āśritya sarasvatīm
vartayanti ca ye matsyaiḥ ye ca parvatavāsinaḥ

9. And also the tribal groups of Śūdras and Ābhīras who dwelled along the Sarasvatī (river), as well as those who subsisted on fish, and those who lived in the mountains.

Words meanings summery:

• शूद्राभीरगणाः (śūdrābhīragaṇāḥ) - tribal groups of Śūdras and Ābhīras (groups of Śūdras and Ābhīras)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing 'also' (indeed, just, only, also)

• ये (ye) - who (who, those who)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - dwelling along (having resorted to, depending on, dwelling near)

• सरस्वतीम् (sarasvatīm) - the Sarasvatī river (Sarasvatī (river or goddess))

• वर्तयन्ति (vartayanti) - they subsisted (they live, they subsist, they exist)

• च (ca) - as well as (and, also)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

• मत्स्यैः (matsyaiḥ) - by means of fish, on fish (by fish, with fish)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पर्वतवासिनः (parvatavāsinaḥ) - mountain dwellers (mountain dwellers, inhabitants of mountains)

Words meanings and morphology

शूद्राभीरगणाः (śūdrābhīragaṇāḥ) - tribal groups of Śūdras and Ābhīras (groups of Śūdras and Ābhīras)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūdrābhīragaṇa

śūdrābhīragaṇa - (compound) a group or tribe consisting of Śūdras and Ābhīras

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (śūdra+ābhīra+gaṇa)

• śūdra – a member of the fourth varṇa, a specific tribe
  noun (masculine)
• ābhīra – a cowherd, a specific tribe or class of people
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, tribe
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to groups that were conquered (implied object of 'vyajayat' from previous verse).

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this group to the previous verse's groups.

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing 'also' (indeed, just, only, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Reinforces the 'also'.

ये (ye) - who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'śūdrābhīragaṇāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the clause.

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - dwelling along (having resorted to, depending on, dwelling near)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Formed from ā-√śri (1P) + lyap suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

सरस्वतीम् (sarasvatīm) - the Sarasvatī river (Sarasvatī (river or goddess))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī

sarasvatī - (proper noun) Name of a sacred river, goddess of learning

Note: Object of 'āśritya'.

वर्तयन्ति (vartayanti) - they subsisted (they live, they subsist, they exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Causative of √vṛt (1A), here in simple present active indicative.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Causal form often implying 'causing to live' or 'maintaining existence.'

च (ca) - as well as (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the clauses about subsistence.

ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the people who subsist on fish.

मत्स्यैः (matsyaiḥ) - by means of fish, on fish (by fish, with fish)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - fish

Note: Used with 'vartayanti' to indicate means of subsistence.

ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to mountain dwellers.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the last clause.

पर्वतवासिनः (parvatavāsinaḥ) - mountain dwellers (mountain dwellers, inhabitants of mountains)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parvatavāsin

parvatavāsin - (compound) mountain dweller, residing in mountains

From 'parvata' + 'vāsin' (from √vas to dwell).

Compound type : tatpurusha (parvata+vāsin)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant, residing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From √vas (1P/4P) "to dwell" + ṇini suffix.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'people'.