महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-14, verse-3

कथं परानुभावज्ञः स्वं प्रशंसितुमर्हति ।
परेण समवेतस्तु यः प्रशस्तः स पूज्यते ॥३॥

3. kathaṁ parānubhāvajñaḥ svaṁ praśaṁsitumarhati ,
pareṇa samavetastu yaḥ praśastaḥ sa pūjyate.

3. katham para-anubhāva-jñaḥ svam praśaṃsitum arhati
| pareṇa samavetaḥ tu yaḥ praśastaḥ saḥ pūjyate

3. How can one who understands the power and qualities of others praise oneself? However, a person praised by another is truly revered.

3. איך מי שיודע את עוצמתם של אחרים ראוי לשבח את עצמו? אך מי שזוכה לשבח כשהוא מצטרף אל אחרים, הוא זה שמכבדים אותו.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• पर-अनुभाव-ज्ञः (para-anubhāva-jñaḥ) - one who knows the power/influence of others

• स्वम् (svam) - oneself

• प्रशंसितुम् (praśaṁsitum) - to praise, to extol

• अर्हति (arhati) - is able, is worthy, deserves

• परेण (pareṇa) - by another, by others

• समवेतः (samavetaḥ) - joined with (praise by) another (united, assembled, endowed with)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• प्रशस्तः (praśastaḥ) - praised, excellent, commended

• सः (saḥ) - he

• पूज्यते (pūjyate) - is honored, is revered, is worshipped

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

पर-अनुभाव-ज्ञः (para-anubhāva-jñaḥ) - one who knows the power/influence of others

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parānubhāvajña

parānubhāvajña - knowing the power/greatness/feelings of others

Compound (tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+anubhāva+jña)

• para – other, another, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• anubhāva – power, dignity, majesty, experience, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  From anu-√bhū (to experience, to perceive).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, a knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to the subject of the sentence, implied 'he'.

स्वम् (svam) - oneself

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self

Reflexive pronoun/adjective.

प्रशंसितुम् (praśaṁsitum) - to praise, to extol

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of pra-√śaṃs (to praise, to commend).

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

अर्हति (arhati) - is able, is worthy, deserves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

present tense

3rd person singular present active of √arh (class 1).

Root: arh (class 1)

परेण (pareṇa) - by another, by others

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, different, supreme

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'praśastaḥ'.

समवेतः (samavetaḥ) - joined with (praise by) another (united, assembled, endowed with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samaveta

samaveta - come together, assembled, united, endowed with, combined

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ava-√i (to come together, to meet).

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Conjunction, often indicating contrast.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun, nominative singular masculine.

प्रशस्तः (praśastaḥ) - praised, excellent, commended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praśasta

praśasta - praised, lauded, excellent, auspicious

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√śaṃs (to praise).

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine. Correlative to 'yaḥ'.

पूज्यते (pūjyate) - is honored, is revered, is worshipped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of pūj

present tense

3rd person singular present passive of √pūj (class 10 or denominative).

Root: pūj (class 10)

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