महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-14, verse-11

हित्वा करान्यौवनाश्वः पालनाच्च भगीरथः ।
कार्तवीर्यस्तपोयोगाद्बलात्तु भरतो विभुः ।
ऋद्ध्या मरुत्तस्तान्पञ्च सम्राज इति शुश्रुमः ॥११॥

11. hitvā karānyauvanāśvaḥ pālanācca bhagīrathaḥ ,
kārtavīryastapoyogādbalāttu bharato vibhuḥ ,
ṛddhyā maruttastānpañca samrāja iti śuśrumaḥ.

11. hitvā karān yauvanāśvaḥ pālanāt ca
bhagīrathaḥ kārtavīryaḥ tapoyogāt
balāt tu bharataḥ vibhuḥ ṛddhyā maruttaḥ
tān pañca samrājaḥ iti śuśrumaḥ

11. We have heard that Yauvanāśva relinquished taxes; Bhagīratha (achieved greatness) through protection; Kārtavīrya through the power of asceticism (tapas) and spiritual discipline (yoga); Bharata, the mighty ruler (vibhu), through strength; and Marutta through prosperity. Thus, these five were known as emperors.

Words meanings summery:

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having relinquished (taxes) (having left, having abandoned, having given up)

• करान् (karān) - taxes (taxes, tributes, hands)

• यौवनाश्वः (yauvanāśvaḥ) - King Mandhātṛ, son of Yauvanāśva (Yauvanāśva (King Mandhātṛ))

• पालनात् (pālanāt) - by protecting (his subjects or the dharma) (from protection, by means of protection)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भगीरथः (bhagīrathaḥ) - King Bhagīratha, who brought the Ganga to earth (Bhagīratha)

• कार्तवीर्यः (kārtavīryaḥ) - Kārtavīrya Arjuna, the thousand-armed king (Kārtavīrya (Arjuna))

• तपोयोगात् (tapoyogāt) - by the combined power of asceticism (tapas) and spiritual discipline (yoga) (by the yoga of asceticism, by the power of penance and discipline)

• बलात् (balāt) - by physical power or might (by strength, by force)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - King Bharata, son of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā, a powerful emperor. (Bharata)

• विभुः (vibhuḥ) - the mighty (Bharata) (mighty, powerful, lord, omnipresent)

• ऋद्ध्या (ṛddhyā) - by his wealth and prosperity (by prosperity, by abundance, by power)

• मरुत्तः (maruttaḥ) - Emperor Marutta (Marutta)

• तान् (tān) - those (five kings) (those (masculine accusative plural))

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• सम्राजः (samrājaḥ) - emperors, supreme rulers

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

• शुश्रुमः (śuśrumaḥ) - we have heard

Words meanings and morphology

हित्वा (hitvā) - having relinquished (taxes) (having left, having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

From root 'hā' (to abandon)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Expresses prior action.

करान् (karān) - taxes (taxes, tributes, hands)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kara

kara - hand, ray, tax, tribute, action

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'hitvā'.

यौवनाश्वः (yauvanāśvaḥ) - King Mandhātṛ, son of Yauvanāśva (Yauvanāśva (King Mandhātṛ))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yauvanāśva

yauvanāśva - son of Yauvanāśva, (often Mandhātṛ)

Note: Subject of implied action.

पालनात् (pālanāt) - by protecting (his subjects or the dharma) (from protection, by means of protection)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pālana

pālana - protecting, guarding, fostering, preserving

From root 'pāl' (to protect)

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Denotes the means or cause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भगीरथः (bhagīrathaḥ) - King Bhagīratha, who brought the Ganga to earth (Bhagīratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagīratha

bhagīratha - a legendary king, son of Dilīpa

Note: Subject of implied action.

कार्तवीर्यः (kārtavīryaḥ) - Kārtavīrya Arjuna, the thousand-armed king (Kārtavīrya (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārtavīrya

kārtavīrya - son of Kṛtavīrya, a name of Arjuna (Haihaya king)

Note: Subject of implied action.

तपोयोगात् (tapoyogāt) - by the combined power of asceticism (tapas) and spiritual discipline (yoga) (by the yoga of asceticism, by the power of penance and discipline)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tapoyoga

tapoyoga - the practice of austerity and spiritual discipline, asceticism and yoga

Compound of 'tapas' and 'yoga'

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+yoga)

• tapas – heat, austerity, penance, asceticism
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• yoga – union, spiritual discipline, effort, application
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Denotes the means or cause.

बलात् (balāt) - by physical power or might (by strength, by force)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, army

Note: Denotes the means or cause.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - King Bharata, son of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā, a powerful emperor. (Bharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - a name of Agni, a name of Viṣṇu, a legendary emperor (son of Duṣyanta), an actor

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

विभुः (vibhuḥ) - the mighty (Bharata) (mighty, powerful, lord, omnipresent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - omnipresent, mighty, powerful, lord, ruler

Prefix: vi

Root: bhū (class 1)

ऋद्ध्या (ṛddhyā) - by his wealth and prosperity (by prosperity, by abundance, by power)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ṛddhi

ṛddhi - prosperity, success, abundance, power, supernatural faculty

From root 'ṛdh' (to prosper)

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Denotes the means or cause.

मरुत्तः (maruttaḥ) - Emperor Marutta (Marutta)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of marutta

marutta - a legendary emperor, son of Avikṣit

तान् (tān) - those (five kings) (those (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative plural of 'tad'

Note: Object of implied "called" or "considered".

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'tān' and 'samrājaḥ'.

सम्राजः (samrājaḥ) - emperors, supreme rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samrāj

samrāj - emperor, sovereign, supreme ruler

Compound of 'sam' (together, completely) and 'rāj' (king)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sam+rāj)

• sam – together, completely, good
  indeclinable
• rāj – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tān'.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

शुश्रुमः (śuśrumaḥ) - we have heard

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of śru

perfect tense

Perfect first person plural of 'śru' (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)