महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-14, verse-12

निग्राह्यलक्षणं प्राप्तो धर्मार्थनयलक्षणैः ।
बार्हद्रथो जरासंधस्तद्विद्धि भरतर्षभ ॥१२॥

12. nigrāhyalakṣaṇaṁ prāpto dharmārthanayalakṣaṇaiḥ ,
bārhadratho jarāsaṁdhastadviddhi bharatarṣabha.

12. nigrahyalakṣaṇam prāptaḥ dharmārthanayalakṣaṇaiḥ
bārhadrathaḥ jarāsaṃdhaḥ tat viddhi bharatarṣabha

12. Jarasandha (Jarasandha), the son of Bṛhadratha (Bārhadratha), has attained the qualities marking him as one who should be suppressed, according to the principles of righteousness (dharma), material prosperity (artha), and policy (naya). O best of the Bharatas, know this.

Words meanings summery:

• निग्रह्यलक्षणम् (nigrahyalakṣaṇam) - the state or condition that warrants suppression or punishment (the characteristic of being suppressible/punishable)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - has acquired or developed (these characteristics) (attained, reached, acquired)

• धर्मार्थनयलक्षणैः (dharmārthanayalakṣaṇaiḥ) - according to the indicators (lakṣaṇa) derived from the fields of dharma, artha, and naya (by the characteristics of righteousness, material gain, and policy)

• बार्हद्रथः (bārhadrathaḥ) - Jarasandha, as the son of Bṛhadratha (son of Bṛhadratha)

• जरासंधः (jarāsaṁdhaḥ) - The infamous king of Magadha (Jarasandha)

• तत् (tat) - this fact, this truth (that, this)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O most excellent among the descendants of Bharata (addressing a Pandava) (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

निग्रह्यलक्षणम् (nigrahyalakṣaṇam) - the state or condition that warrants suppression or punishment (the characteristic of being suppressible/punishable)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nigrahyalakṣaṇa

nigrahyalakṣaṇa - a characteristic or mark of one who should be suppressed or punished

Compound of 'nigrahya' (gerundive of 'nigrah', to suppress) and 'lakṣaṇa' (mark, characteristic)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nigrahya+lakṣaṇa)

• nigrahya – to be suppressed, to be restrained, to be punished
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Future passive participle of 'nigrah'
  Prefix: ni
  Root: grah (class 9)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Object of 'prāptaḥ'.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - has acquired or developed (these characteristics) (attained, reached, acquired)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, gained, acquired

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of 'prāp' (pra + āp)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

धर्मार्थनयलक्षणैः (dharmārthanayalakṣaṇaiḥ) - according to the indicators (lakṣaṇa) derived from the fields of dharma, artha, and naya (by the characteristics of righteousness, material gain, and policy)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dharmārthanayalakṣaṇa

dharmārthanayalakṣaṇa - the marks or signs of dharma, artha, and naya

Compound of 'dharma', 'artha', 'naya', and 'lakṣaṇa'

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (dharma+artha+naya+lakṣaṇa)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, worldly advantage
  noun (masculine)
• naya – policy, conduct, strategy, guiding principle
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nī (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Denotes the means or criteria by which Jarasandha is judged.

बार्हद्रथः (bārhadrathaḥ) - Jarasandha, as the son of Bṛhadratha (son of Bṛhadratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bārhadratha

bārhadratha - relating to Bṛhadratha, descendant of Bṛhadratha, Jarasandha

Formed with a patronymic suffix from Bṛhadratha

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जरासंधः (jarāsaṁdhaḥ) - The infamous king of Magadha (Jarasandha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jarāsaṃdha

jarāsaṁdha - Jarasandha (a powerful king of Magadha, adversary of Krishna)

From 'jarā' (old age) and 'saṃdha' (united, joined), referring to his birth story.

Compound type : tatpurusha (jarā+saṃdha)

• jarā – old age, decrepitude
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jṛ (class 9)
• saṃdha – joined, united, peace, alliance
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhā' with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: In apposition to 'Bārhadrathaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - this fact, this truth (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter of 'tad'

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

imperative mood

Second person singular imperative of 'vid' (Class 2 verb, irregular)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Addressed to the listener (e.g., Yudhiṣṭhira).

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O most excellent among the descendants of Bharata (addressing a Pandava) (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound of 'bharata' and 'ṛṣabha'

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king, an actor
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)