महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-1, verse-8

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
चोदितो वासुदेवस्तु मयेन भरतर्षभ ।
मुहूर्तमिव संदध्यौ किमयं चोद्यतामिति ॥८॥

8. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
codito vāsudevastu mayena bharatarṣabha ,
muhūrtamiva saṁdadhyau kimayaṁ codyatāmiti.

8. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca coditaḥ vāsudevaḥ tu mayena
bharatarṣabha muhūrtam iva saṃdadhyau kim ayam codyatām iti

8. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "O best of Bhāratas, Vāsudeva, urged by Maya, pondered for a moment, 'What indeed should be enjoined upon him?'"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• चोदितः (coditaḥ) - urged, impelled, directed

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• मयेन (mayena) - by Maya

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O King Janamejaya (the listener of the Mahābhārata narration) (O best of Bhāratas)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a moment, for a short while

• इव (iva) - for a short while (emphasizing the brevity) (as if, like, a little)

• संदध्यौ (saṁdadhyau) - he pondered, he reflected

• किम् (kim) - what?

• अयम् (ayam) - he (referring to Maya) (this (one))

• चोद्यताम् (codyatām) - what should be enjoined upon him? (let him be urged, let him be assigned)

• इति (iti) - marker for quoted speech or thought (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name, a sage and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Perfect Indicative

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

चोदितः (coditaḥ) - urged, impelled, directed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of codita

codita - urged, impelled, exhorted, directed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'cud' (to urge, impel).

Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vāsudevaḥ'.

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Vāsudeva (epithet of Kṛṣṇa, son of Vasudeva)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

मयेन (mayena) - by Maya

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of maya

maya - Maya (proper name of an Asura architect); illusion, magic

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O King Janamejaya (the listener of the Mahābhārata narration) (O best of Bhāratas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bhāratas, best of Bhāratas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king, a member of the Bhārata dynasty
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a moment, for a short while

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment (a measure of time, usually 48 minutes), a short time

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration.

इव (iva) - for a short while (emphasizing the brevity) (as if, like, a little)

(indeclinable)

संदध्यौ (saṁdadhyau) - he pondered, he reflected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of dhā

Perfect Indicative

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'dhā' with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

किम् (kim) - what?

(interrogative pronoun)

अयम् (ayam) - he (referring to Maya) (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

चोद्यताम् (codyatām) - what should be enjoined upon him? (let him be urged, let him be assigned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of cud

Passive Imperative

Passive voice, 3rd person singular, imperative mood of root 'cud'.

Root: cud (class 1)

इति (iti) - marker for quoted speech or thought (thus, so)

(indeclinable)