महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-7, verse-8

विदुरादयश्च ते सर्वे रुरुदुर्दुःखिता भृशम् ।
अतिदुःखाच्च राजानं नोचुः किंचन पाण्डवाः ॥८॥

8. vidurādayaśca te sarve rurudurduḥkhitā bhṛśam ,
atiduḥkhācca rājānaṁ nocuḥ kiṁcana pāṇḍavāḥ.

8. vidurādayaḥ ca te sarve ruruduḥ duḥkhitā bhṛśam
atiduḥkhāt ca rājānam na ūcuḥ kiṃcana pāṇḍavāḥ

8. ca vidurādayaḥ te sarve duḥkhitāḥ bhṛśam ruruduḥ
ca pāṇḍavāḥ atiduḥkhāt rājānam kiṃcana na ūcuḥ

8. And Vidura and all the others, greatly distressed, wept intensely. And the Pāṇḍavas, overwhelmed by extreme sorrow, could say nothing to the king.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरादयः (vidurādayaḥ) - Refers to Vidura and other relatives/attendants present. (Vidura and others, Vidura etc.)

• च (ca) - Connects actions or groups. (and)

• ते (te) - Refers to Vidura and others. (they)

• सर्वे (sarve) - Qualifies "Vidura and others". (all, everyone)

• रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept, they cried

• दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - Describes the emotional state of those weeping. (distressed, suffering, sorrowful)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - Modifies 'ruruduḥ' and 'duḥkhitā'. (greatly, intensely, very much)

• अतिदुःखात् (atiduḥkhāt) - Explains why the Pāṇḍavas were silent. (from excessive sorrow, due to extreme distress)

• च (ca) - Connects the weeping of Vidura etc. with the silence of the Pāṇḍavas. (and)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (to the king)

• न (na) - Negates the verb 'ūcuḥ'. (not, no)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke, they said

• किंचन (kiṁcana) - In conjunction with 'na', means 'nothing'. (anything, whatever)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The five brothers, including Arjuna. (the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu)

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरादयः (vidurādayaḥ) - Refers to Vidura and other relatives/attendants present. (Vidura and others, Vidura etc.)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidurādi

vidurādi - Vidura and others

Compound of Vidura (proper name) and ādi (beginning, etc.), forming a collective noun.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vidura+ādi)

• vidura – Vidura (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and others
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - Connects actions or groups. (and)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - Refers to Vidura and others. (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative plural of tad.

सर्वे (sarve) - Qualifies "Vidura and others". (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Agrees with vidurādayaḥ and te.

रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept, they cried

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of rud

Perfect Tense

3rd person plural, perfect tense, parasmaipada. Formed by reduplication.

Root: rud (class 2)

दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - Describes the emotional state of those weeping. (distressed, suffering, sorrowful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, pained, sorrowful

Past Passive Participle

From root duḥkh (to suffer) with suffix -ita

Root: duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vidurādayaḥ, te, sarve.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - Modifies 'ruruduḥ' and 'duḥkhitā'. (greatly, intensely, very much)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

अतिदुःखात् (atiduḥkhāt) - Explains why the Pāṇḍavas were silent. (from excessive sorrow, due to extreme distress)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of atiduḥkha

atiduḥkha - excessive sorrow, great distress

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+duḥkha)

• ati – excessive, over, beyond
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes cause or reason.

च (ca) - Connects the weeping of Vidura etc. with the silence of the Pāṇḍavas. (and)

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (to the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Object of 'ūcuḥ'.

न (na) - Negates the verb 'ūcuḥ'. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person plural, perfect tense, parasmaipada. Irregular perfect form of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

किंचन (kiṁcana) - In conjunction with 'na', means 'nothing'. (anything, whatever)

(indeclinable)

From kim (what) and cana (particle)

Note: Used with negation 'na' to mean 'nothing'.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The five brothers, including Arjuna. (the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu