महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-7, verse-14

दृष्ट्वा कृशं विवर्णं च राजानमतथोचितम् ।
उपवासपरिश्रान्तं त्वगस्थिपरिवारितम् ॥१४॥

14. dṛṣṭvā kṛśaṁ vivarṇaṁ ca rājānamatathocitam ,
upavāsapariśrāntaṁ tvagasthiparivāritam.

14. dṛṣṭvā kṛśam vivarṇam ca rājānam atathocitam
upavāsapariśrāntam tvagasthiparivāritam

14. kṛśam vivarṇam ca atathocitam upavāsapariśrāntam
tvagasthiparivāritam rājānam dṛṣṭvā

14. Seeing the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) emaciated, discolored, and in an unfitting state, exhausted by fasting, and covered only by skin and bones.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• कृशम् (kṛśam) - emaciated (referring to the king) (emaciated, lean, thin)

• विवर्णम् (vivarṇam) - discolored, pale (discolored, pale, changed in color)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (the king)

• अतथोचितम् (atathocitam) - in a state unfitting (for a king) (unfitting, improper, not as it should be)

• उपवासपरिश्रान्तम् (upavāsapariśrāntam) - exhausted by fasting

• त्वगस्थिपरिवारितम् (tvagasthiparivāritam) - covered only by skin and bones (covered with skin and bones)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed from root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects to the action of the main verb (abravīt in the next verse).

कृशम् (kṛśam) - emaciated (referring to the king) (emaciated, lean, thin)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - emaciated, lean, thin, feeble

Note: Agrees with rājānam.

विवर्णम् (vivarṇam) - discolored, pale (discolored, pale, changed in color)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivarṇa

vivarṇa - colorless, discolored, pale, changed in hue

Compound of vi (prefix for separation/change) and varṇa (color).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+varṇa)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• varṇa – color, appearance, hue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with rājānam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

अतथोचितम् (atathocitam) - in a state unfitting (for a king) (unfitting, improper, not as it should be)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atathocita

atathocita - unsuitable, improper, unfitting, not as it should be

Compound of 'a' (negation) + 'tathā' (thus) + 'ucita' (proper).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tathāucita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• tathāucita – thus proper, as it should be
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of tathā (thus) and ucita (proper).

Note: Agrees with rājānam. Sandhi `tathā + ucita = tathocita`.

उपवासपरिश्रान्तम् (upavāsapariśrāntam) - exhausted by fasting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upavāsapariśrānta

upavāsapariśrānta - exhausted by fasting

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upavāsa+pariśrānta)

• upavāsa – fasting, abstinence from food
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from prefix upa- and root √vas (to dwell), meaning 'dwelling near' (the gods, through fasting).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 1)
• pariśrānta – completely exhausted, weary
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √śram (to be weary) with prefix pari-.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Agrees with rājānam.

त्वगस्थिपरिवारितम् (tvagasthiparivāritam) - covered only by skin and bones (covered with skin and bones)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tvagasthiparivārita

tvagasthiparivārita - covered with skin and bones

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvag-asthi+parivārita)

• tvag-asthi – skin and bones
  noun (neuter)
  Dvandva compound of tvac (skin) and asthi (bone).
• parivārita – covered, surrounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √vṛ (to cover) with prefix pari-.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with rājānam.