महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-31, verse-5

तानपृच्छत्ततो राजा क्वासौ कौरववंशभृत् ।
पिता ज्येष्ठो गतोऽस्माकमिति बाष्पपरिप्लुतः ॥५॥

5. tānapṛcchattato rājā kvāsau kauravavaṁśabhṛt ,
pitā jyeṣṭho gato'smākamiti bāṣpapariplutaḥ.

5. tān apṛcchat tataḥ rājā kva asau kauravavaṃśabhṛt
pitā jyeṣṭhaḥ gataḥ asmākam iti bāṣpapariprutaḥ

5. tataḥ rājā bāṣpapariprutaḥ tān apṛcchat "kva asau asmākam jyeṣṭhaḥ pitā kauravavaṃśabhṛt gataḥ" iti.

5. Overwhelmed with tears, the king then asked them, "Where has that eldest father of ours, the upholder of the Kuru lineage, gone?"

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king)

• क्व (kva) - where?

• असौ (asau) - that (person)

• कौरववंशभृत् (kauravavaṁśabhṛt) - Bhīṣma (implied by context, as the 'eldest father') (bearer of the Kuru lineage, upholder of the Kuru dynasty)

• पिता (pitā) - father

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (father) (eldest, senior, best)

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, reached

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, our

• इति (iti) - introduces a direct quote (thus, so, denoting quotation)

• बाष्पपरिप्रुतः (bāṣpapariprutaḥ) - overwhelmed/soaked with tears

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, them, those

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pṛch

imperfect past tense

Root pṛch, 6th class (prcchati), imperfect, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Added 'a' augment for past tense.

Root: pṛch (class 6)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

असौ (asau) - that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (person or thing), this

कौरववंशभृत् (kauravavaṁśabhṛt) - Bhīṣma (implied by context, as the 'eldest father') (bearer of the Kuru lineage, upholder of the Kuru dynasty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauravavaṃśabhṛt

kauravavaṁśabhṛt - bearer of the Kuru lineage

Compound. From 'Kaurava' (descendant of Kuru), 'vaṃśa' (lineage), and 'bhṛt' (bearer/upholder, from root bhṛ - to bear).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaurava+vaṃśa+bhṛt)

• kaurava – descendant of Kuru
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from Kuru (proper noun) + a (suffix)
• vaṃśa – lineage, race, family, bamboo
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛt – bearer, supporter, carrying
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + kvip suffix
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (father) (eldest, senior, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, most excellent, chief

Superlative of 'yuvan' (young) or 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gam

gam - to go, move

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + kta suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective here, modifying 'pitā'.

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, our

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

इति (iti) - introduces a direct quote (thus, so, denoting quotation)

(indeclinable)

बाष्पपरिप्रुतः (bāṣpapariprutaḥ) - overwhelmed/soaked with tears

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāṣpaparipruta

bāṣpaparipruta - drenched in tears, overwhelmed by tears

Compound 'bāṣpa' (tears) + 'paripruta' (drenched/overflowing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa+paripruta)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• paripruta – drenched, soaked, overflowed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root plu (to float, swim, overflow) with prefix pari- (around, thoroughly) + kta suffix
  Prefix: pari
  Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.